What is the process of sporulation?
Answers
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Sporulation is the formation of nearly dormant forms of bacteria . In a limited number of bacteria, spores can preserve the genetic material of the bacteria when conditions are inhospitable and lethal for the normal (vegetative) form of the bacteria.What are the steps of sporulation?Stage 0
vegetative cells with two chromosomes at the end of exponential growth
Stage 1
formation of axial chromatin filament and excretion of exoenzymes, including proteases
Stage 2
forespore septum formation and segregation of nuclear material into two compartments
Stage 3
spore protoplast formation and elevation of tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycle enzyme levels, beginning of engulfment
Stage 4
cortex formation and refractile appearance of spore
Stage 5
spore coat protein formation
Stage 6
spore maturation, modification of cortical peptidoglycan, uptake of dipicolinic acid and calcium, and development of resistance to heat and organic solvents
Stage 7
final maturation and liberation of endospores from mother cells (in some species)