what is the reaction of hematite to wostite?
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Chlorination of wüstite (Fe(1−x)O) and hematite (Fe2O3) with Cl2 + CO and Cl2 + N2 was studied by thermogravimetric analysis using non-isothermal conditions up to about 1000°C. The wüstite started to react with the carbochlorinating gas mixtures at low temperatures producing FeCl3 and Fe2O3 as final reaction products. The presence of carbon monoxide, during non-isothermal tests, enhanced the chlorination of wüstite at temperatures higher than 550°C when the produced hematite started to react with carbochlorinating gas mixture. The separate treatment of the two oxides under isothermal conditions in Cl2 + CO for 2 h led to their full reaction at about 550°C. An apparent activation energy of about 53 kJ/mol was obtained for the carbochlorination of hematite between 350°C and 550°C.
Reaction of wüstite with FeCl3 was also studied by thermogravimetric analysis using non-isothermal conditions. Higher oxides of iron and ferrous chloride were the main reaction products at 600°C, even in the presence of carbon monoxide.Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the reduction behavior of hematite by using continuous streams of 5%, 10%, and 20% CO concentrations in N2 was conducted at temperatures ranging from 750 to 900 °C over ten cycles. The reduced hematite was then oxidized using dry air. The rate of reduction was determined by the sample weight loss. Analysis of the data indicated that the reduction behavior can be described by single rate-determining step and it was controlled by the chemical reaction at the particle surface. The mass spectroscopy analysis of product gas indicated that no carbon deposition was found when operating at these temperature ranges (750–900 °C). The analysis of reduction showed that two reduction steps (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4, Fe3O4 → FeO) proceed simultaneously. The activation energy was estimated to be 19.0 ± 0.14 kJ/mole.top
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Reduction of hematite (Fe2O3) to wüstite (FeO) by carbon monoxide (CO) for chemical looping combustion
Article in The Chemical Engineering Journal 242:204–210 · April 2014 with 835 Reads
DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2013.12.040
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Esmail R. Monazam
Ronald W. Breault
Ranjani Siriwardane
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the reduction behavior of hematite by using continuous streams of 5%, 10%, and 20% CO concentrations in N2 was conducted at temperatures ranging from 750 to 900 °C over ten cycles. The reduced hematite was then oxidized using dry air. The rate of reduction was determined by the sample weight loss. Analysis of the data indicated that the reduction behavior can be described by single rate-determining step and it was controlled by the chemical reaction at the particle surface. The mass spectroscopy analysis of product gas indicated that no carbon deposition was found when operating at these temperature ranges (750–900 °C). The analysis of reduction showed that two reduction steps (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4, Fe3O4 → FeO) proceed simultaneously. The activation energy was estimated to be 19.0 ± 0.14 kJ/mole.
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... In recent years, thermal conversion of naturally occurring Fe oxides has been achieved to improve their capacity for contaminant removal. Natural hematite, the most widely studied Fe oxide, can be reduced by hydrogen (H2) [108], carbon monoxide (CO) [109,110], and gas mixtures [111]. The phase transformations of hematite in reducing gases between 650 and 900 °C occur via the following pathway: α-Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe 0 [108][109][110]. ...
... Natural hematite, the most widely studied Fe oxide, can be reduced by hydrogen (H2) [108], carbon monoxide (CO) [109,110], and gas mixtures [111]. The phase transformations of hematite in reducing gases between 650 and 900 °C occur via the following pathway: α-Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe 0 [108][109][110]. Under other conditions, nZVI is not formed; e.g., Fe oxides are reductively transformed to Fe3O4 in CO (>40%) at 600-1000 °C [109] and in H2 (50%) at 400-500 °C [112], and to Fe3O4 and FeO in CO (5-20%) and H2 (20%) at 750-900 °C [110]. ...
... The phase transformations of hematite in reducing gases between 650 and 900 °C occur via the following pathway: α-Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe 0 [108][109][110]. Under other conditions, nZVI is not formed; e.g., Fe oxides are reductively transformed to Fe3O4 in CO (>40%) at 600-1000 °C [109] and in H2 (50%) at 400-500 °C [112], and to Fe3O4 and FeO in CO (5-20%) and H2 (20%) at 750-900 °C [110]. ...