Question

What is the reason for the Jallian Wala Bagh Massacre to occur ?

Answer 1

The Jallianwalla Bagh is a public garden of 6 to 7 acres (28,000 m2), walled on all sides, with five entrances.[3] To enter, troops first blocked the entry by a tank and locked the exit. On Dyer's orders, his troops fired on the crowd for ten minutes, directing their bullets largely towards the few open gates through which people were trying to flee. The British Government released figures stating 379 dead and 1,200 wounded.[1][4] Other sources place the number of dead at well over 1,000.[5] This "brutality stunned the entire nation",[6] resulting in a "wrenching loss of faith" of the general public in the intentions of the UK.[7] The ineffective inquiry and the initial accolades for Dyer by the House of Lords fuelled widespread anger, leading to the Non-cooperation Movement of 1920–22.[8]

On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer was convinced of a major insurrection and he banned all meetings; however this notice was not widely disseminated. That was the day of Baisakhi, the main Sikh festival, and many villagers had gathered in the Bagh. On hearing that a meeting had assembled at Jallianwala Bagh, Dyer went with Sikh, Gurkha, Baluchi, Rajput troops from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Sind Rifles[9] to a raised bank and ordered them to shoot at the crowd. Dyer continued the firing for about ten minutes, until the ammunition supply was almost exhausted. Dyer stated that 1,650 rounds had been fired, a number apparently derived by counting empty cartridge cases picked up by the troops.[10]Official British Indian sources gave a figure of 379 identified dead,[4] with approximately 1,100 wounded. The casualty number estimated by the Indian National Congress was more than 1,500 injured, with approximately 1,000 dead.[5]

Dyer was initially lauded by conservative forces in the empire, but in July 1920 he was censured and forced to retire by the House of Commons.[11] He became a celebrated hero in the UK among most of the people connected to the British Raj,[12] for example, the House of Lords,[13] but unpopular in the House of Commons, which voted against Colonel Reginald Dyer. He was disciplined by being removed from his appointment, was passed over for promotion and was prohibited from further employment in India.[14][15] Upon his death Kipling declared that Dyer 'did his duty as he saw it'.[16] The massacre some historians have argued caused a re-evaluation of the army's role, in which the new policy became minimum force, however, later British actions during the Mau Mau insurgencies have led Huw Bennett to question this school of thought.[17] The army was retrained and developed less violent tactics for crowd control.[18] Some historians consider the episode a decisive step towards the end of British rule in India.[19]

Answer 2

Explanation:

1) On 13th April 1919 the infamous Jallianwala bagh incident took place .

2) Being from outside the city they were unaware of martail law and because of this 1000 of people were killed in this incident...

3) this massacre happened on the order of general Dyer ..

4) as the news spread crowd took the street there were strikes clashes with police and attacks on government buildings the government responded with brutal repression.

5) seeing voilence spread mahatma gandhi call off the non co operation movement

hope it help you.....