What is the relation between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
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Gauge pressure vs Absolute pressure
Pressure is the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. Mathematically, it is symbolized with a ‘P’. To put it briefly, it is the amount of force acting on a unit area. The simple formula for pressure is:
P = F / A; where P = pressure
F = force
A = area
The SI unit for pressure is in Pascals (Pa). Other non-SI units are PSI and bar. There are actually many units to express pressure. Every field of science and discipline has different preferences, and it is the same with various regions and organizations.
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At times, pressure is expressed as a depth of a particular fluid. The most commonly used are mercury (mm Hg), based on its high density, and water (mm H2O), based on its availability. However, measuring pressure with a column of liquid is not precise. Density of the fluid and especially, gravity can vary in any given region. There are also other kinds of pressure units, such as, ATM and torr.
There are two kinds of references to measure pressure ‘“ the gauge pressure and the absolute pressure. The absolute pressure is measured relative to the absolute zero pressure. Absolute pressure, is pressure that would occur at absolute vacuum, or zero pounds per square inch (PSI). All calculations involving the gas laws require pressure, and temperature, to be in absolute units. Absolute pressure is also referred to as ‘total systems pressure’. To distinguish it from gauge pressure, the term ‘abs’ is usually placed after the unit.
Conversely, gauge pressure is the most commonly used reference of pressure. Machines like air compressors, well pumps, and tire gauges will all use gauge pressure. This pressure reference does not take into account the atmospheric pressure. In other words, gauge pressure uses atmospheric pressure (14.7 PSI), as it’s zero point. Sometimes, it is referred to as ‘overpressure’. A ‘g’ is often placed after the unit of pressure to signify that a particular measurement is a gauge pressure.
It should be noted that atmospheric pressure may vary, depending on many factors, such as locality. Altitude and temperature are essential factors. The standard atmospheric pressure (1 ATM) is about 14.7 PSI.
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