Question

What is the role of acid in stomach? (ASI)
Mention the names of glands and organs which help in digestion?
How is the small intestine designed to assimilate the food? explain
How are fats digested? Where do they get digested? (ASI)
What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food? (ASI)
What will happen to protein digestion as the medium of intestin
(ASI)
What is the role of roughages in the alimentary tract?(ASI
What is malnutrition? Explain few nutritional deficiency disease
How do fungi and bacteria obtain their nourishment? (AS2)​

Answer 1

Answer:

1) The gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen and other digestive enzymes, gastrin, mucus, and bicarbonates. It has a pH ranging from 1 to 2. Its low pH is essential in activating digestive enzyme such as pepsinogen and convert it into the active pepsin, a Proteolytic activity of pepsin and in destroying various pathogens.

• The various parts of the alimentary canal includes mouth, teeth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum), large intestine, anus. Digestive glands includes salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gastric glands and intestinal glands. Out of these, salivary glands, pancreas and liver are major glands.

2) The small intestine has millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi increase the surface area for more efficient food absorption. Within these villi, many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food and carry it to the bloodstream.

3) Digestion is the process of breaking large, insoluble food molecules into smaller molecules for absorption into the bloodstream. This process involves the use of numerous digestive fluids and enzymes including saliva, mucus, bile, and hydrochloric acid.

4) Salivary glands are present in the oral cavity that secrete saliva which is released into the mouth. Saliva contains bicarbonate and salivary amylase and serves to initiate the process of starch digestion into simple sugars by breaking them.

5) The food coming from the stomach to intestine is acidic in nature. In the alkaline medium, pancreatic enzyme trypsin can act on the food and digests the proteins.

6) Functions of roughage: Its main function is to add bulk to the diet, which in turn aids in the digestion process and healthy Function of the bowel system. Prevents constipation and helps in getting rid of undigested food. They help in retaining water in the body.

7) Malnutrition also called malnourishment is a condition resulting from eating a diet that contains either insufficient or too much of nutrients as a result of which health problems ensue.

• Protein-energy malnutrition has two severe forms: and kwashiorkor (a lack of protein) and marasmus (a lack of protein and calories). Common micronutrient deficiencies include a lack of iron, iodine, and vitamin A. Deficiencies may become more common during pregnancy, due to the body's increased need of nutrients.

8) Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from the environment. ... They decompose dead organic matter. A saprotroph is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds.

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