what is the role of philosophers and women during french revolution?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Role of philosophers:
Ideas of having a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all were put forward by the French philosophers.
John Locke: Locke wrote, ‘Two Treatises of Government’. In this book, he criticised the divine and absolute rights of the rulers.
John Jacques Rousseau: Rousseau had written his viewpoints in his book, ‘The Social
Contract’. He had put forward the idea of formation of a government based on a social contract between people and their representatives.
Montesquieu: His ideas were proposed in his book, ‘The Spirit of the Laws’. According to him, there should be a division of power between the three important organs—the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
The ideas of these philosophers were discussed by common people in salons and coffee houses and inspired them to fight for their rights.
Role of women:
Role in Society before Revolution:
1. Women in the Third Estate worked for a living.
2. Didn’t have access to education or training
3. Only daughters of the noblewomen and richer sections of societies had access to any education
4. Wages were lower than those of men. Clear wage gap.
5. Women were also homemakers, they had to do all the housework, care for children.
During Revolution:
1. Played an active role in the revolutionary movements
2. Started their own clubs and newspapers.
3. One of the most famous political clubs was the Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women. They were disappointed by the Constitution of 1971 which designated them passive citizens.
4. The Society demanded equal political rights as men. They wanted to vote, and stand in elections for political office.
Outcomes of Revolution:
1. The early revolutionary governments introduced many laws that improved the lives and status of women in society.
2. Schools were created and education was made compulsory for all girls.
3. Marriage without consent was made illegal.
4. Divorce was made legal.
5. Women were allowed to be artisans and run small businesses.
However, during the Reign of Terror, Robespierre’s government shut down women’s clubs, banned all political activities by women and arrested many prominent women.
This was one of the first instances where women demanded and fought for their rights. The struggle for equality continues to this day.
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