What is the role of viscosity when it passes through orifice?
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The chart shows approximate pressure drops which may be expected at various flows rates through sharp edge orifices for petroleum type hydraulic oil. It may be used for designing limiting flow orifices in hydraulic systems. Chart values must be considered as approximate because a number of factors such as specific gravity, orifice efficiency, plumbing ahead of and behind the orifice may cause variations from the values shown.
By making the orifice with a knife edge, it becomes insensitive to temperature, and the flow and pressure drop will remain the same over a reasonable range of oil temperatures (and viscosity changes).
Specific gravity of the fluid makes a significant difference in the pressure drop through a given orifice, and increases approximately as the square of the increase in specific gravity, The chart was calculated for a fluid with 0.9 specific gravity, a close approximation for all petroleum hydraulic oils. Using a heavier fluid, a multiplying factor should be applied to chart values. For example, to find the pressure drop of water, with a specific gravity of 1.00:
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