Question

What is the Sangam literature and when were they composed?​

Answer 1

Answer:

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Sangam literature, sangam also spelled cankam, chankam, or shangam, the earliest writings in the Tamil language, thought to have been produced in three chankams, or literary academies, in Madurai, India, from the 1st to the 4th century ce.

Explanation:

Answer 2

Answer:

Sangam period refers to the oldest period of Tamil Literature, which also includes present day Kerala. The first period of tamil literature is called Sangam (சங்கம்) period and the second is Neethi Noolgal (நீதி நூல்கள்).

Tolkappiyam, the oldest known Tamil literature defines the grammar of Tamil Language. It doesn’t allow any word to start with the “sa” sound. Hence word Sangam itself is not a word of Tamil origin. They might have used words like Kulu (குழு) or Koottam (கூட்டம்). These words, Sangam or Kulu or Kootam itself means a gathering for a conference. There were three such conference held.

First Sangam:

There are no surviving text from the first Sangam conference. This conference was conducted by Agathiyar. The text which was published during that conference is called Agathiyam. The first Sangam is said to have held in a location called Thenmadurai (தென் மதுரை).

Mid Sangam:

The mid Sangam held in a location called Kapatapuram. This conference was conducted by Tolkappiyar. He was a said to be a disciple of Agathiyar. There is one text which has survived from this conference. It is the oldest surviving Tamil text. It is called Tolkappiyam.

Last Sangam:

The last Sangam held in Madurai. It was conducted by Nakkirar. There are numerous text from this conference still available. They also describes the land, religion, culture and custom of Tamil people.