What is the script for Hindi language?
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Devanagari script is used to write Hindi language.
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Devanagari, also called Nagari, is an abugida used in India and Nepal. It is written from left to right, has a strong preference for symmetrical rounded shapes within squared outlines, and is recognisable by a horizontal line that runs along the top of full letters
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As you might already know that several languages are spoken in India and Hindi is one of them. All of the languages of India can be grouped into two major group that are 1) Indo-European languages that include Hindi, Punjabi, English, German, Spanish, Bengali etc. 2) Dravidian Languages that includes Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada
Because, Hindi came from Indo-European languages family, lets me show you more detail about it.
Indo-European/Indo-Germanic Languages
The Indo-European languages are a group of several hundred related languages and dialects of not just India but also from Europe, Iran and South Asia.
This language group includes the world largest number of speakers and they are around 3 billion. This larger group share some similarity among the languages in syntax and grammar even though the scripts are different. Some of the oldest languages of this group are Sanskrit, Greek and Latin. Many languages across India, Europe, South Asia and Iran originated from these three languages that include Hindi, English, German, Bengali, Spanish, Italian, French, Punjabi and so on.
This larger group contains several sub-groups of languages which are differentiated on the basis of region or script. In India, all Indian language are originated from Sanskrit and come in Indo-Aryan languages group.
Indo-Aryan Languages
The Indo-Aryan languages is a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages which is in itself a branch of the Indo-European languages group. Indo-Aryan languages has a base of about speakers form about 1.5 billion of whole 3 billion Indo-European speakers. This sub-group also account for more than half of all recognized Indo-European languages. The largest native speakers in this group belongs to Hindustani (Standard Hindi and Urdu), Bengali, Punjabi, Marathi , Gujarati, Oriya, Sindhi, Nepali, Sinhala etc.
In Indo-Aryan language group, the oldest language is Vedic Sanskrit (1500 BC – 800 BC). Vedic Sanskrit is an archaic form of Sanskrit and it is the oldest attested language of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. This form of Sanskrit is the language of ancient Indian scriptures Vedas. Vedic Sanskrit was the origin of languages which later gave birth to Hindi and other languages in this group.
After Vedic Sanskrit, another form of Sanskrit came into growth path. It was Classical Sanskrit (800 BC – 500 BC), which was the language of nobles and influential upper class. Classical Sanskrit is still one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. In present time, the speakers of this language are almost negligible, it is still taught in Indian school in effort to preserve it like Latin in western societies.
Classical Sanskrit was language of upper class however there was another language, Prakrit (500 BC – 500 AD) which had directly developed from Vedic Sanskrit in the same era. It was vernacular of common mass and it was developed in natural way in contrast to the literary and religious language, Classical Sanskrit. During the era, another form of Prakrit, Pali (500 BC – 500 AD) was in use. It was a literary language of the Prakrit language family. It is mostly seen in Buddhist scriptures. Pali was also used extensively by a legendary emperor of India, Asoka the Great (304 BC – 232 BC).
Both Prakrit & Pali, continue to grow in vernacular and gave birth to another language, Apbrunsh ( 500 AD – 1000 AD). Apbrunsh later gave way to Khari Boli (900 AD – 1200 AD). It was developed in the north Indian part.
From Khari Boli, a more refined language Hindustani which was a mix of present day Hindi and Urducame into use. In 19th century, both Urdu and Hindi has separate and refined in their own way. Hindi and Urdu share much of the grammar though both used different script for writing and Hindi uses more of its word which are derived word from Sanskrit. Urdu derives more of its derived word from Persian, Arabic and Turkish.
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