What is the significance of groups in a periodic table? explain with examples.
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The groups of the periodic table are displayed as vertical columns numbered from 1 to 18. The elements in a group have very similar chemical properties, which arise from the number of valence electrons present—that is, the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
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The significance of groups in the periodic table is given below:
- Groups in the periodic table are presented in a vertical column where elements in a particular group possess similarities in their properties.
- This characteristic of the group is because the elements in a particular group have the equivalent number of electrons in their outermost shell.
- This similarity of their valence shell is the reason for their resemblance in chemical and physical properties.
- Elements are categorised into eighteen groups.
- For example, Group 1 elements have valency +1 and includes elements like hydrogen, lithium, sodium, etc. They are also called alkali metals.
- Group 2 elements have 2 electrons in their valence shell and include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, etc. They are denoted as alkaline earth metals.
- Group 18 elements are noble gases like neon, argon, etc. They have filled octet.
- Hence, the significance of the elements of the group is due to their similar atomic, chemical, and physical properties.
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