Question

what is the type of kinship

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Types of Kinship:

In any society, kin relationships are based either on birth (blood relations), or marriage. These two aspects of human life are the basis for the two main types of kinship in society.

1. Consanguineal Kinship:

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It refers to the relationships based on blood, i.e., the relationship between parents and children, and between siblings are the most basic and universal kin relations.

2. Affinal Kinship:

It refers to the relationships formed on the basis of marriage. The most basic relationship that results from marriage is that between husband and wife.

Degree of Kinship:

Any relationship between two individuals is based on the degree of closeness or distance of that relationship. This closeness or distance of any relationship depends upon how individuals are related to each other.

Kinship basically has three degrees, which can be explained in the following ways (Figure 3):



Primary Kinship:

Primary kinship refers to direct relations. People who are directly related to each other are known as primary kin. There are basically eight primary kins—wife father son, father daugh­ter mother son, wife; father son, father daughter, mother son, mother daughter; brother sister; and younger brother/sister older brother/sister.

Primary kinship is of two kinds:

1. Primary Consanguineal Kinship:

Primary consanguineal kin are those kin, who are directly related to each other by birth. The relationships between parents and children and between siblings form primary kinship. These are the only primary consanguineal kin found in societies all over the world.

2. Primary Affinal Kinship:

Primary affinal kinship refers, to the direct relation­ship formed as a result of marriage. The only direct affinal kinship is the rela­tionship between husband and wife.

Secondary Kinship:

Secondary kinship refers to the primary kin’s of primary kin. In other words, those who are directly related to primary kin (primary kin’s primary kin) become one’s secondary kin. There are 33 secondary kin.

Secondary kinship is also of two kinds:

Secondary Consanguineal kinship:

This type of kinship refers to the primary con­sanguineal kin’s primary consanguineal kin. The most basic type of secondary consan­guineal kinship is the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren. In the Figure 3, there is a direct consanguineal relationship between Ego and his parents. For Ego, his parents are his primary consanguineal kin. However, for Ego’s par­ents, their parents are their primary consanguineal kin. Therefore, for Ego, his grandpar­ents are his primary consanguineal kin’s (his parents) primary kin. For him, they become secondary consanguineal kin.

Secondary Affinal Kinship:

Secondary affinal kinship refers to one’s primary affinal kins primary kin. This kinship includes the relationships between an individual and all his/her sisters-in-law, brothers-in-law, and parents-in-law. For an individual, his/her spouse is his/her primary affinal kin, and for the spouse, his/her parents and siblings are his/her primary kin. Therefore, for the individual, the parents of brother/sister-in-law will become his/her secondary affinal kin. Similarly, any sibling’s spouse or sibling’s parents-in-law will become secondary affinal kin for an individual.

Tertiary Kinship:

Tertiary kinship refers to the primary kin of primary kin’s primary kin or secondary kin of primary kin primary kin of secondary kin. Roughly 151 tertiary kin have been identi­fied.

Like other two degrees of kinship, tertiary kinship also has two categories:

Tertiary Consanguineal Kinship:

Tertiary consanguineal kinship refers to an individual’s primary consanguineal kin (parents), their primary kin (parents’ parents), and their primary kin (parent’s parent’s parents). Thus, the relationship is between great grand­children and great grandparents, and great grand aunts and uncles, and consequently the relationship between great grand uncles and aunts and great grand nieces and nephews.

In Figure 3, Ego’s primary kin are his parents, their primary kin are his grandparents and his grandparent’s primary kin (who are Ego’s primary kin’s primary kin’s primary kin) are his great grandparents. Thus, tertiary kin are primary kin’s primary kin’s pri­mary kin.

This relationship can be seen in different ways – Ego’s tertiary kin are his pri­mary kin’s (parents) secondary kin (father’s grandparents), thus showing that tertiary kin are primary kin’s secondary kin. Another way of looking at this same relationship is by showing that Ego’s tertiary kin are his secondary consanguineal kin’s (his grandpar­ents) primary kin (grandfather’s parents), which proves that tertiary kin can be second­ary kin’s primary kin.