What is the working principle of a mercury thermometer
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A mercury-in-glass thermometer, invented by German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, is a thermometer consisting of mercury in a glass tube. Calibrated marks on the tube allow the temperature to be read by the length of the mercury within the tube, which varies according to the temperature. To increase the sensitivity, there is usually a bulb of mercury at the end of the thermometer which contains most of the mercury; expansion and contraction of this volume of mercury is then amplified in the much narrower bore of the tube. The space above the mercury may be filled with nitrogen or it may be a vacuum.
As an alternative to mercury, some household thermometers contain alcohol with a red dye added. These are safer and easier to read.
Thermometer: A device used to measure the temperature of gaseous, liquid or solid matter or of a chemical reaction such as fire. Temperature measurement is important to a wide range of activities, including industry, scientific research, and health care. In health care, thermometers are used to measure the temperature of the human body. They include the following types:
Oral thermometers (those placed under the tongue)
Rectal thermometers (those placed within the rectum)
Multi-purpose thermometers (those that can be placed under the tongue, in the rectum or under the armpit)
Eardrum thermometers (those placed inside the ear).
Basal thermometers (highly sensitive thermometers placed under the tongue or in the rectum to measure slight temperature changes indicating that ovulation has taken place in a woman).
Principles of operation of infrared thermometer:
All object surfaces emit infrared energy. The hotter an object is, the more active its molecules are, and the more infrared energy it emits. An infrared thermometer incorporates optics that collect the radiant infrared energy from the object and focus it onto a detector. The detector converts the energy into an electrical signal, which is amplified, digitally converted and linearized to be available as a linear electrical output signal from 4 to 20 mA. The temperature of the body can therefore be determined by measuring the intensity of this infrared energy.
As an alternative to mercury, some household thermometers contain alcohol with a red dye added. These are safer and easier to read.
Thermometer: A device used to measure the temperature of gaseous, liquid or solid matter or of a chemical reaction such as fire. Temperature measurement is important to a wide range of activities, including industry, scientific research, and health care. In health care, thermometers are used to measure the temperature of the human body. They include the following types:
Oral thermometers (those placed under the tongue)
Rectal thermometers (those placed within the rectum)
Multi-purpose thermometers (those that can be placed under the tongue, in the rectum or under the armpit)
Eardrum thermometers (those placed inside the ear).
Basal thermometers (highly sensitive thermometers placed under the tongue or in the rectum to measure slight temperature changes indicating that ovulation has taken place in a woman).
Principles of operation of infrared thermometer:
All object surfaces emit infrared energy. The hotter an object is, the more active its molecules are, and the more infrared energy it emits. An infrared thermometer incorporates optics that collect the radiant infrared energy from the object and focus it onto a detector. The detector converts the energy into an electrical signal, which is amplified, digitally converted and linearized to be available as a linear electrical output signal from 4 to 20 mA. The temperature of the body can therefore be determined by measuring the intensity of this infrared energy.
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In a mercury thermometer, a glass tube is filled with mercury and a standard temperature scale is marked on the tube. With changes in temperature, the mercury expands and contracts, and the temperature can be read from the scale. Mercury thermometers can be used to determine body, liquid, and vapor temperature. Mercury thermometers are used in households, laboratory experiments, and industrial applications.
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