What is tollens test?
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It is a test used to determine aldehyde, aromatic aldehyde and alpha hydrox ketone.
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Tollens’ test, also known as silver-mirror test, is a qualitative laboratory test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone. It exploits the fact that aldehydes are readily oxidized (see oxidation), whereas ketones are not. Tollens’ test uses a reagent known as Tollens’ reagent, which is a colorless, basic, aqueous solution containing silver ions coordinated to ammonia
[Ag(NH³ ) 2+]
[Ag(NH3)2+]
. It is prepared using a two-step procedure.
Step 1: Aqueous silver nitrate is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide
AgNO3+NaOH→AgOH+NHO32AgOH→Ag2O+H2
Step 2: Aqueous ammonia is added drop-wise until the precipitated silver oxide completely dissolves
Ag2O+4NH3+H2O→2Ag(NH3)2++2 OH−
Tollens’ reagent oxidizes an aldehyde into the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Ketones are not oxidized by Tollens’ reagent, so the treatment of a ketone with Tollens’ reagent in a glass test tube does not result in a silver mirror
[Ag(NH³ ) 2+]
[Ag(NH3)2+]
. It is prepared using a two-step procedure.
Step 1: Aqueous silver nitrate is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide
AgNO3+NaOH→AgOH+NHO32AgOH→Ag2O+H2
Step 2: Aqueous ammonia is added drop-wise until the precipitated silver oxide completely dissolves
Ag2O+4NH3+H2O→2Ag(NH3)2++2 OH−
Tollens’ reagent oxidizes an aldehyde into the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Ketones are not oxidized by Tollens’ reagent, so the treatment of a ketone with Tollens’ reagent in a glass test tube does not result in a silver mirror
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