Question

what is towards the civil disobedience?​

Answer 1

Answer:

civil disobedience, also called passive resistance, the refusal to obey the demands or commands of a government or occupying power, without resorting to violence or active measures of opposition; its usual purpose is to force concessions from the government or occupying power.

Answer 2

Swaraj Party

• Some leaders within Congress were tired of mass struggles and wanted to participate in elections of provincial councils.

• Provincial councils was set up by government of India Act 1919

• They felt that it is important to:

1. Oppose British policies within council’s

2. Agree for reforms

3. Demonstration that these councils are undemocratic

• C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed Swaraj Party within Congress

•They argued return to Council politics

•However the younger leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose pressed for more radical mass agitation and for full independence

Simon Commission

• It was a statutory Commission setup under Sir John Simon in response to the Nationalist movement

• Objective

1. look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India

2. suggest any changes if there were necessary

• Reason of opposition

1. The commission did not have a single Indian member they were all British

2. It did not provide any hope Swaraj to Indians

• When the Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928 it was greeted with slogan go back Simon

• All parties including the Congress and the Muslim League participated in the demonstration

Lord Irwin offer

• Irwin announced in October 1929 a vague offer of Dominion status for India.

• Dominion status to be given in an unspecified future.

• The future constitution to be discussed in the Round table conference

• This did not satisfy the Congress leaders

• The radicals within the Congress led by Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose became more assertive.

Lahore congress session

• It was held at Lahore in December 1929 under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru

• Poorna Swaraj or complete Independence for India was accepted as the goal of Congress

• It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as a Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for complete Independence.

• The celebrations attracted a very little attention.

• This session shifted the goal from Swaraj to ‘Purna Swaraj’.

Eleven demands

• On 31st January 1930 Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy stating 11 demands

• Some of these were of general interest and others were specific demands of different classes from industrialists to presents

• The Idea was to bring together everyone in a United campaign

• The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax

• Gandhiji letter was an ultimatum that the demands were not fulfilled by 11th March Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign

Events leading to the Salt March and Civil Disobedience Movement

• Simon Commission

• Announcement of Lord Irwin in October 1929

• Lahore Congress of December 1929

• Worldwide economic depression

• Eleven demands