What is urea? What is its use? How we can prepare it
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Urea (also known as carbamide) is a waste product of many living organisms, and is the major organic component of human urine. This is because it is at the end of chain of reactions which break down the amino acids that make up proteins. These amino acids are metabolised and converted in the liver to ammonia, CO2, waterand energy. But the ammonia is toxic to cells, and so must be excreted from the body. Aquatic creatures, such as fish, can expel the ammonia directly into the water, but land-based animals need another disposal method. So the liver converts the ammonia to a non-toxic compound, urea, which can then be safely transported in the blood to the kidneys, where it is eliminated in urine.
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Urea
Urea is a raw material used in the manufacture of many chemicals, such as various plastics, urea-formaldehyde resins and adhesives. It is also essential for making feedstock, glue, fertilizer, commercial products, and in resin production.
DESCRIPTION
Urea,(NH2)2CO, is a colorless organic chemical compound also known by the International Nonproprietary Name (rINN) carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization.
Urea is essentially the waste produced when the body metabolizes protein. It is not only produced by humans, but also by many other mammals, as well as amphibians and some fish.
"Urea was the first natural compound to be artificially synthesized using inorganic compounds — a scientific breakthrough."
History
French chemist Hillaire Rouelle discovered urea in 1773. In 1828, just 55 years after its discovery, urea became the first organic compound to be synthetically formulated, this time by a German chemist named Friedrich Wöhler, one of the pioneers of organic chemistry. Wöhler obtained urea by treating silver isocyanate with ammonium chloride in a failed attempt to prepare ammonium cyanate.
Synthetic urea is created from synthetic ammonia and carbon dioxide and can be produced as a liquid or a solid. The process of dehydrating ammonium carbamate under conditions of high heat and pressure to produce urea was first implemented in 1870 and is still in use today.
Urea is naturally produced when the liver breaks down protein or amino acids, and ammonia. The kidneys then transfer the urea from the blood to the urine.
The average person excretes about 30 grams of urea a day, mostly through urine, but a small amount is also secreted in perspiration.
Applications
Agriculture
More than 90 percent of world urea production is destined for use as a nitrogen-release fertilizer.
Chemical industry
Urea is a raw material used in the manufacture of many important chemicals, such as:
Various plastics, especially the Urea-formaldehyde resins
Various adhesives, such as Urea-formaldehyde or the urea-melamine-formaldehyde used in marine plywood
Potassium cyanate, another industrial feedstock
Urea nitrate, an explosive
Automobile systems
Urea is used in SNCR and SCR reactions to reduce the NOx pollutants in exhaust gases from combustion.
Other commercial uses
A stabilizer in nitrocellulose explosive
A component of animal feed, providing a relatively cheap source of nitrogen to promote growth
A non-corroding alternative to rock salt for road de-icing, and the resurfacing of snowboarding half pipes and terrain parks
A flavor-enhancing additive for cigarettes
A main ingredient in hair removers such as Nair or Veet
A browning agent in factory-produced pretzels
An ingredient in some hair conditioners, facial cleansers, bath oils, skin softeners, and lotions
A reactant in some ready-to-use cold compresses for first-aid use, due to the endothermic reaction it creates when mixed with water
A cloud seeding agent, along with other salts
A flame-proofing agent, commonly used in dry chemical fire extinguisher charges such as the urea-potassium bicarbonate mixture.
An ingredient in many tooth whitening products
An ingredient in dish soap
Along with ammonium phosphate, as a yeast nutrient, for fermentation of sugars into ethanol
A nutrient used by plankton in ocean nourishment experiments for geoengineering purposes
As an additive to extend the working temperature and open time of hide glue
As a solubility-enhancing and moisture-retaining additive to dye baths for textile dyeing or printing.
plz mark it brnlst it it is helpful..
Urea is a raw material used in the manufacture of many chemicals, such as various plastics, urea-formaldehyde resins and adhesives. It is also essential for making feedstock, glue, fertilizer, commercial products, and in resin production.
DESCRIPTION
Urea,(NH2)2CO, is a colorless organic chemical compound also known by the International Nonproprietary Name (rINN) carbamide, as established by the World Health Organization.
Urea is essentially the waste produced when the body metabolizes protein. It is not only produced by humans, but also by many other mammals, as well as amphibians and some fish.
"Urea was the first natural compound to be artificially synthesized using inorganic compounds — a scientific breakthrough."
History
French chemist Hillaire Rouelle discovered urea in 1773. In 1828, just 55 years after its discovery, urea became the first organic compound to be synthetically formulated, this time by a German chemist named Friedrich Wöhler, one of the pioneers of organic chemistry. Wöhler obtained urea by treating silver isocyanate with ammonium chloride in a failed attempt to prepare ammonium cyanate.
Synthetic urea is created from synthetic ammonia and carbon dioxide and can be produced as a liquid or a solid. The process of dehydrating ammonium carbamate under conditions of high heat and pressure to produce urea was first implemented in 1870 and is still in use today.
Urea is naturally produced when the liver breaks down protein or amino acids, and ammonia. The kidneys then transfer the urea from the blood to the urine.
The average person excretes about 30 grams of urea a day, mostly through urine, but a small amount is also secreted in perspiration.
Applications
Agriculture
More than 90 percent of world urea production is destined for use as a nitrogen-release fertilizer.
Chemical industry
Urea is a raw material used in the manufacture of many important chemicals, such as:
Various plastics, especially the Urea-formaldehyde resins
Various adhesives, such as Urea-formaldehyde or the urea-melamine-formaldehyde used in marine plywood
Potassium cyanate, another industrial feedstock
Urea nitrate, an explosive
Automobile systems
Urea is used in SNCR and SCR reactions to reduce the NOx pollutants in exhaust gases from combustion.
Other commercial uses
A stabilizer in nitrocellulose explosive
A component of animal feed, providing a relatively cheap source of nitrogen to promote growth
A non-corroding alternative to rock salt for road de-icing, and the resurfacing of snowboarding half pipes and terrain parks
A flavor-enhancing additive for cigarettes
A main ingredient in hair removers such as Nair or Veet
A browning agent in factory-produced pretzels
An ingredient in some hair conditioners, facial cleansers, bath oils, skin softeners, and lotions
A reactant in some ready-to-use cold compresses for first-aid use, due to the endothermic reaction it creates when mixed with water
A cloud seeding agent, along with other salts
A flame-proofing agent, commonly used in dry chemical fire extinguisher charges such as the urea-potassium bicarbonate mixture.
An ingredient in many tooth whitening products
An ingredient in dish soap
Along with ammonium phosphate, as a yeast nutrient, for fermentation of sugars into ethanol
A nutrient used by plankton in ocean nourishment experiments for geoengineering purposes
As an additive to extend the working temperature and open time of hide glue
As a solubility-enhancing and moisture-retaining additive to dye baths for textile dyeing or printing.
plz mark it brnlst it it is helpful..
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