what is vaccination explain step by step
Answers
Answer:
Step 1:
Various vaccines contain different forms of germs. The vaccines can have a weak version of the live virus, an inactive version of the virus, weakened toxins (also known as toxoids), or a specific part of the germ instead of the whole thing. These injections are not strong enough to give you the actual disease, but instead, they help teach your body how to interact with the active form of the germ should you come into contact with it.
Step 2:
Your body’s immune system responds by sending white blood cells to the foreign item. These white blood cells include macrophages, B-lymphocytes, and T-lymphocytes. The macrophages engulf the germ and break it down. The only part that isn’t broken down is the antigen, an identifier the germ carries around. The body uses this identifier to recognize the entire thing as a foreign, dangerous object. The macrophages carry these antigens to the lymph nodes.
Step 3:
The B-lymphocytes produce a custom antibody to go with the antigen from the specific germ. Each antibody your body produces is only effective against its particular antigen. The antibodies will detect the antigens, or identifiers, brought to the lymph node by the macrophages, and the B-lymphocytes will divide and produce a large number of antibodies to get rid of the antigens. Meanwhile, the T-lymphocytes locate germ-infected cells. Some of the T-lymphocytes will release a chemical that will eradicate the infected cells, and other T-lymphocyte cells will release a chemical that acts as a homing signal for the other white blood cells.
Step 4:
It takes your body some time to figure out how to make the B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte cells for this particular germ. Once the white blood cells successfully eradicate the bacteria or virus, your body will keep some of the B-lymphocytes programmed to produce these specific antibodies just in case you re-encounter it. The T-lymphocyte cells will also be able to recognize the germ again quickly.
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