Question

what is valency and valency electrons?

Answer 1

valency is the total number of electrons present in the outermost shell valency electrons are the amount of electrons which an atom loses against to attend the electronic configurations
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Answer 2

Valency is simply a number.... a whole number

Valency is a number of electrons either gain or loose by an atom from its outermost shell also called valence shell...

Consider a sodium atom which have 11 electrons...
its electronic configration is as follow :
K = 2 , L = 8 , N = 1
To become stable each atom complete its octet rule...in order to achieve statbily , sodium atom looses its 1 electron from its N shell which is also called valence or outermost shell...

Here if sodium atom loose 1 electeon , it become stable....And we say the valency of sodium atom is 1...
as sodium atom looses one electron...

Similarly , some atom gains electron in their outermost shell to become stable by completing their octet state....
If an atom gains 2 electron , we say its valency is 2...
if its gain 3 , we say valency is 3...

So valency is simply a number of electrons either gain or loose by an atom from its outermost ( valence ) shell...

Atom loose and gain electron from its valence shell so such electrons are valence electrons...