what is vsper theory in detail and hybridization
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understand vsepr theory the above picture reffer for regular geometry molecules
○Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSPER) Theory
1) Regular Geometry of Molecules
Geometry of the molecules in which the central atom has no lone pairs are regular and can be predicted simply.
●Bond ange of any molecule with regular geometry = 360o /Number of bond pairs
2)Irregular Geometry of Molecules
Geometry of the molecules having lone pair of electrons can not be predicted simpley using above mentioned method. The geometric arrangement of atoms in molecules and ions may be predicted by means of the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. This type includes molecules which may or may not obey the octet rule but have only single bonds.
○Postulates of VSEPR theory:
•The shape of the molecule is determined by repulsions between all of the electron pairs present in the valence shell.
•A lone pair of electrons takes up more space around the central atom than a bond-pair, since the lone pair is attracted to one nucleus whilst the bond pair is shared by two nuclei. It follows that repulsion between two lone pairs is greater than repulsion between a lone pair and a bond pair, which in turn is greater than the repulsion between two bond pairs. Thus the presence of lone pairs on the central atom causes slight distortion of the bond angles from the ideal shape. If the angle between a lone pair, the central atom and a bond pair is increased, it follows that the actual bond angle between the atoms must be decreased.The descending order of repulsion is
•(lp – lp) > (lp – bp) > (bp – bp)
where lp-Lone pair; bp-bond pair
•The magnitude of repulsions between bonding pairs of electrons depends on the electronegativity difference between the central atom and the other atoms.
•Double bonds cause more repulsion than single bonds and triple bonds cause more repulsion than double bonds.
•A brief summary of molecular shapes resulting from different configurations of electrons pairs is presented below:
•With very few exceptions, the predictions based on the VSEPR theory have been shown to be correct.
understand vsepr theory the above picture reffer for regular geometry molecules
○Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSPER) Theory
1) Regular Geometry of Molecules
Geometry of the molecules in which the central atom has no lone pairs are regular and can be predicted simply.
●Bond ange of any molecule with regular geometry = 360o /Number of bond pairs
2)Irregular Geometry of Molecules
Geometry of the molecules having lone pair of electrons can not be predicted simpley using above mentioned method. The geometric arrangement of atoms in molecules and ions may be predicted by means of the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. This type includes molecules which may or may not obey the octet rule but have only single bonds.
○Postulates of VSEPR theory:
•The shape of the molecule is determined by repulsions between all of the electron pairs present in the valence shell.
•A lone pair of electrons takes up more space around the central atom than a bond-pair, since the lone pair is attracted to one nucleus whilst the bond pair is shared by two nuclei. It follows that repulsion between two lone pairs is greater than repulsion between a lone pair and a bond pair, which in turn is greater than the repulsion between two bond pairs. Thus the presence of lone pairs on the central atom causes slight distortion of the bond angles from the ideal shape. If the angle between a lone pair, the central atom and a bond pair is increased, it follows that the actual bond angle between the atoms must be decreased.The descending order of repulsion is
•(lp – lp) > (lp – bp) > (bp – bp)
where lp-Lone pair; bp-bond pair
•The magnitude of repulsions between bonding pairs of electrons depends on the electronegativity difference between the central atom and the other atoms.
•Double bonds cause more repulsion than single bonds and triple bonds cause more repulsion than double bonds.
•A brief summary of molecular shapes resulting from different configurations of electrons pairs is presented below:
•With very few exceptions, the predictions based on the VSEPR theory have been shown to be correct.
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