what is word formation. give examples. urgent!!
Answers
Forming words in speech is a study of linguists and speech pathologists. They study the sounds that are made by the human throat, larynx, mouth, and nose.
Forming words in the development of a language is also the study of linguists but more those interested in the history and development of a language over time. They study word roots and how they go on to become other words or change their meaning over time and geography.
The study of spelling is something we all concern ourselves with, as well as linguists. It is the proper formation of words, graphically, that is an important part of effective, written communication.
Derivation and inflection are what take a root word (run) and creates new forms of it that mean something based on the root:
running
runs
ran
run-in
homerun
The following articles describe various mechanisms of word formation:
Agglutination (the process of forming new words from existing ones by adding affixes to them, like shame + less + ness → shamelessness)
Back-formation (removing seeming affixes from existing words, like forming edit from editor)
Blending (a word formed by joining parts of two or more older words, like smog, which comes from smoke and fog)
Acronym (a word formed from initial letters of the words in a phrase, like English laser from light amplified by stimulated emission of radiation)
Clipping (morphology) (taking part of an existing word, like forming ad from advertisement)
Compound (linguistics) (a word formed by stringing together older words, like earthquake)
Incorporation (linguistics) (a compound of a verb and an object or particle, like intake)
Conversion (linguistics) (forming a new word from an existing identical one, like forming the verb green from the existing adjective)
Loanword (a word borrowed from another language, like cliché, which comes from French)
Calque (borrowing a word or phrase from another language by literal, word-for-word or root-for-root translation; for example the English phrase to lose face, which is a calque from Chinese)
Phono-semantic matching (matching a foreign word with a phonetically and semantically similar pre-existent native word/root)
Semantic loan (the extension of the meaning of a word to include new, foreign meanings)
Neologism (a completely new word, like quark)
Onomatopoeia (the creation of words that imitate natural sounds, like the bird name cuckoo)
and so on.
Hope this helps.
Answer:
Compounding
- Is a word formation process where two or more words are put together to form a new word. Compound words may be open, closed, or hyphenated.
Examples:
Open Compounds – living room, school bus, post office, full moon, ice cream
Closed Compounds – rainwater, catwalk, nightfall, jellybean, watercolor
Hyphenated compounds – merry-go-round, daughter-in-law, one-third, eighty-five, over-the-counter
Clipping
- Is a word formation process where a word is reduced or shortened without changing its meaning.
Examples:
laboratory – lab mathematics – math
Examination- exam photograph - photo
Blending
- Is a word formation process where parts of two or more words are blended to form a new word. Often, the meaning of the new words is a combination of the meanings of the two words.
Examples:
Spoon + fork = spork
web + seminar = webinar
Breakfast + lunch = brunch
Folk Etymology
- Is the process where an unfamiliar word is changed to look like another word. Folk etymologies happen when a word is misheard, mispronounced, or misunderstood. Here are some examples:
Caterpillar – this word is from the Old French chatepelose, which means “hairy cat”. It was replaced by the Middle English word pille, meaning “pillager” because caterpillars “pillage” plants. The spelling was changed to pillar when piller became archaic.
Acronymy
- Is the formation of words from the initial components of words in a phrase. An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components of a word.
Examples:
UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
laser – light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
scuba – self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
Eponym
- There are English words derived from the names of persons and places. An eponym is a person, place, or thing for whom or for which something is believed to be named.
Explanation:
hope it help