Question

What is Xylem And Phloem?

Answer 1

XYLEM-Xylem is a type of tissue in vascular plants that transports water and some nutrients from the roots to the leaves. ... Xylem and phloem give vascular plants their classification; they are the vascular tissues that transport substances throughout the plant.

PHLOEM-Phloem, also called bast, tissues in plants that conduct foods made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma cells.

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Answer 2

$\textbf {Your answer !!}$

Xylem and Phloem are the types of -

$\textbf {Complex Permanent Tissue}$

These are $\textbf {conducting tissues / vascular tissues.}$

Other names -

$\textbf {Xylem = Wood}$

$\textbf {Phloem = Bast}$

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$\textbf {Xylem }$= It's a $\textbf {mechanical tissue.}$ The elements of Xylem are - $\textbf {1) Tracheids}$; $\textbf {2) Vessels or Tracheae}$; $\textbf {3) Xylem Parenchyma}$; $\textbf {4) Xylem Sclerenchyma or Xylem Fibres.}$
Xylem Parenchyma is the $\textbf {only living one}$, other all are dead. The other dead elements are $\textbf {bounded by lignified walls.}$ This helps in $\textbf {storing food }$ and also helps in $\textbf {lateral conduction of water.}$
Vessels are $\textbf {shorter and wider}$ than $\textbf {Tracheids.}$ $\textbf {Vessels}$ are very $\textbf {long tube-like structures}$ formed by a row of cells.
Tracheids are $\textbf {elongated cells.}$ They also conduct water. Tracheids do not have open ends. Water pass$\textbf { from cell to cell}$ via $\textbf {pits. }$

Functions - 1) Xylem carries $\textbf {water and mineral salts }$ from the $\textbf {root to different parts of shoot.}$

2) Walls of Tracheids, vessels and sclerenchyma of Xylem are $\textbf {lignified}$, they give $\textbf {mechanical strength}$ to the plant body.

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$\textbf {Phloem}$ = It contains tubes but performs no $\textbf {mechanical }$function. It is made up of four elements - $\textbf {1) Sieve Tubes}$; $\textbf {2) Companion cells}$; $\textbf {3) Phloem Parenchyma}$; $\textbf{4) Phloem Fibres.}$
Only Phloem Fibres are dead, other cells are living.
Sieve Tubes - $\textbf {Tube-like}$ structures contain elongated$\textbf { thin-walled cells}$, placed end to end. These contain numerous pores and are called $\textbf {sieve plates. }$
Companion Cells - These are$\textbf { thin-walled}$ cell containing $\textbf { dense and active }$cytoplasm and $\textbf {large }$ nucleus. These are connected to Sieve Tubes via $\textbf{Plasmodesmata.}$
Phloem Parenchyma - These are $\textbf {thin-walled }$cells. These helps in $\textbf {storage of materials}$ and also helps in $\textbf {slow lateral conduction}$ of food.
Phloem Fibres - These are$\textbf { thick-walled, spindle-shaped dead cells.}$ These have $\textbf {narrow lumen.}$ They provide $\textbf {mechanical strength}$ to the tissue.

Functions - 1) Phloem transports $\textbf {food materials }$ that are prepared by the plant $\textbf {from the leaves to the storage organs.}$

$\textbf {Thanks !!}$