Question

What is zeff of Lithium?

Answer 1

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Introduction to Effective Nuclear charge

Effective nuclear charge refers to the charge that the outermost (valance) electron have. Also, the electron or multi-electron takes into account the number of shielding electrons that surrounds the nucleus

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The electronic configurations of six elements, U, V,W, X, Y and Z are as follows.

Elements Electronic configuration

U 2, 8, 1

V 2, 8

W 2, 8, 7

X 2, 8, 2

Y 2, 6

Z 2, 8, 8, 2

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In this topic, we are going to discuss the effective nuclear charge and how to calculate it. Moreover, in the process, we will also learn various things about the nuclear charge.

effective nuclear charge

Effective Nuclear Charge Formula

Besides, the formula for calculating the effective nuclear charge of a single electron is as follows:

Zeff = Z – S

Here

Zeff = the effective nuclear charge

Z = denotes the number of protons existing in the nucleus

S = average amount of density between the nucleus and the electron.

Also, we solve this to find the effective charge of the electron.

Moreover, you can use this formula to find the effective nuclear charge for an electron in lithium, especially the “2s” electrons.

Find Z: Atomic Number

Firstly, determine the value of Z which is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. Furthermore, it determines the positive charge of the nucleus. In addition, the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number of the atom that we can find on the periodic table of the elements.

Besides, in the above-mentioned example of Lithium, the value for Z is 3.

Find S: Slater’s Rules

Use Slater’s rule to find the value of S. Moreover, it provides numerical values for the effective nuclear charge concept. Furthermore, we can achieve this by writing out the electron configuration of the element in the following groupings and order:

(1s), (2s, 2p), (3s, 3p), (3d), (4s, 4p), (4d), (4f), (5s, 5p), (5d), (5f), etc.

Answer 2

The zeff of Lithium is 1.3.

GIVEN

Element - Lithium.

TO FIND

Zeff of lithium.

SOLUTION

We can simply solve the above problem as follows-

Zeff or the effective nuclear charge can be defined as the charge on the valence or outer shell electron of an atom.

Zeff = Z-S

Where,

Zeff = effective nuclear charge.

Z = Number of protons in the nucleus.

S = Density between the nucleus and the electron.

We know that,

Number of protons = Atomic number of the element.

So,

Atomic number of Lithium = 3

Therefore,

Z = 3.

To find S, we need to write the electronic configuration. of Lithium -

$1 {s}^{2} 2s^{1}$

Screen effect = 0.35 × number of electron in nth

orbit + 0.85×number of electron in (n-1)th orbit + 1 × rest of the orbit.

S= The sum of values of 2 electron

S= 0.85 + 0.85 = 1.7

So,

Zeff = Z-S

= 3-1.7

= 1.3

Hence, The zeff of Lithium is 1.3.

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