Question

What is zener diode? How is it used as voltage regulator?

Answer 1

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Zener Diode➙ A form of semiconductor diode in which at a critical reverse voltage a large reverse current can flow.

▶Uses of Zener Diode are:-
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❖ To voltage references & as shunt regulators to regulate the voltageacross small circuits.

❖ It conducts when the voltage reaches the diode's reverse breakdown voltage.

❖ It behaves as battery during ON state.

❖ It always operated in its reverse biased condition.

❖ It can be used as a voltage regulator or to provide voltage reference.

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Answer 2

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=) ⏺️Zener diode = It is a special type of semiconductor diode , named after its inventor C. Zener . It is designed to operate under reverse bias in the breakdown region . Zener diode is fabricated by heavily doping both p - and n - sides of the junction .



Q.) How is it used as voltage regulator ?

Ans.) ⏺️ Principle =) When zener diode is used in reverse breakdown region , the voltage across it reamains practically constant equal to the breakdown voltage Vz for a large change in reverse current .


⏺️ Working =) In the figure , 16 Vin is unregulated input d.c. voltage whose fluctuations are to be regulated . For this zener diode is connected in reverse bias across a fluctuating d.c. input voltage Vin through a series resistance R . If the input voltage increases , the current through R and zener diode also increases . This increases the voltage drop across R without any change in the voltage across the zener diode . This is because in the breakdown region , zener voltage remains constant even the current in the zener diode changes . Similarly , if the input voltage decreases , the current hence the voltage across R decreases without any change in voltage of zener diode . When Vin changes , I and IR drop , change in such a way to keep V output = Vz always under all conditions .

Vin = IR + Vz .

and , I = Iz + IL

Thus , R = Vin - Vz / Iz + IL

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