what is zoology? write down it's brief history and objectives ?
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Zoology / or animal biologyis the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek i.e. "animal" and i.e. "knowledge, study".[1]
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Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from Ancient Greek animal" and knowledge, study
The history of zoology traces the study of the animal kingdom from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of zoology as a single coherent field arose much later, the zoological sciences emerged from natural history reaching back to the biological works of Aristotleand Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world. This ancient work was further developed in the Middle Ages by Muslim physicians and scholars such as Albertus Magnus.During the Renaissance and early modern period, zoological thought was revolutionized in Europe by a renewed interest in empiricism and the discovery of many novel organisms. Prominent in this movement were Vesalius and William Harvey, who used experimentation and careful observation in physiology, and naturalists such as Carl Linnaeus, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, and Buffon who began to classify the diversity of life and the fossil record, as well as the development and behavior of organisms. Microscopy revealed the previously unknown world of microorganisms, laying the groundwork for cell theory.[5] The growing importance of natural theology, partly a response to the rise of mechanical philosophy, encouraged the growth of natural history (although it entrenched the argument from design).
Although the study of animal life is ancient, its scientific incarnation is relatively modern. This mirrors the transition from natural history to biologyat the start of the 19th century. Since Hunter and Cuvier, comparative anatomical study has been associated with morphography, shaping the modern areas of zoological investigation:anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology, teratology and ethology.[21]Modern zoology first arose in German and British universities. In Britain, Thomas Henry Huxley was a prominent figure. His ideas were centered on the morphology of animals. Many consider him the greatest comparative anatomist of the latter half of the 19th century. Similar to Hunter, his courses were composed of lectures and laboratory practical classes in contrast to the previous format of lectures only.
•Gradually zoology expanded beyond Huxley's comparative anatomy to include the following sub-disciplines:
•Zoography, also known as descriptive zoology, is the applied science of describing animals and their habitats
•Comparative anatomy studies the structure of animals
•Animal physiology
•Behavioral ecology
•Ethology studies animal behavior
•Invertebrate zoology
•Vertebrate zoology
•Soil zoology
•The various taxonomically oriented disciplines such as mammalogy, biological anthropology, herpetology, ornithology, and entomology identify and classify species and study the structures and mechanisms specific to those groups.
Related fields:
•Evolutionary biology: Development of both animals and plants is considered in the articles on evolution, population genetics, heredity, variation, Mendelism, and reproduction.
•Molecular biology studies the common genetic and developmental mechanisms of animals and plants
•Palaeontology
•Systematics, cladistics, phylogenetics, phylogeography, biogeography, and taxonomy classify and group species via common descent and regional associations.
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