what kind of fundamental changes are needed in structure of education system to make education system to make education inclusive? Explain with examples.
Answers
Explanation:
Education in India is provided by public schools (controlled and funded by three levels: central, state and local) and private schools. Under various articles of the Indian Constitution, free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and 14. The approximate ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7:5.India has made progress in increasing the attainment rate of primary education. In 2011, Approximately 75% of the population, aged between 7 and 10 years, was literate. India's improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to its economic development. Much of the progress, especially in higher education and scientific research, has been credited to various public institutions. While enrolment in higher education has increased steadily over the past decade, reaching a Gross Enrollment Ratio of 24% in 2013, there still remains a significant distance to catch up with tertiary education enrolment levels of developed nations, a challenge that will be necessary to overcome in order to continue to reap a demographic dividend from India's comparatively young population.
At the primary and secondary level, India has a large private school system complementing the government run schools, with 29% of students receiving private education in the 6 to 14 age group. Certain post-secondary technical schools are also private. The private education market in India had a revenue of US$450 million in 2008, but is projected to be a US$40 billion market.
As per the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2012, 96.5% of all rural children between the ages of 6-14 were enrolled in school. This is the fourth annual survey to report enrollment above 96%. India has maintained an average enrolment ratio of 95% for students in this age group from year 2007 to 2014. As an outcome the number of students in the age group 6-14 who are not enrolled in school has come down to 2.8% in the year academic year 2018 (ASER 2018). Another report from 2013 stated that there were 229 million students enrolled in different accredited urban and rural schools of India, from Class I to XII, representing an increase of 23 lakh students over 2002 total enrolment, and a 19% increase in girl's enrolment. While quantitatively India is inching closer to universal education, the quality of its education has been questioned particularly in its government run school system.While more than 95 percent of children attend primary school, just 40 percent of Indian adolescents attend secondary school (Grades 9-12). Since 2000, the World Bank has committed over $2 billion to education in India. Some of the reasons for the poor quality include absence of around 25% of teachers every day. States of India have introduced tests and education assessment system to identify and improve such schools.
Inclusion education ensures, in age-appropriate regular classes, that all pupils attend & are accepted by local schools and are encouraged to learn and contribute, and partake in all facets of school life. Inclusive education involves how we create and plan our classes, courses, programs and events so that all students learn & participate together.
Explanation:
Inclusive education requires the integration of the whole educational system — legislation and regulations, funding mechanisms, administration , design, distribution and monitoring of instruction, and the organisation of schools. Both children have a right to education. The right to education applies to all children. The fundamental changes which are needed in the structure of education system to make education inclusive are.
- Adequate supports & services for the student
- Well-designed individualised education programs
- Professional development for all teachers who are involved, special & general educators alike
- Time for teachers to meet, plan, create, & assess the students together
- Reduced class size on the basis of the severity of the student requirements.
- Development of professional & technical skills in group teaching, cooperative learning, peer education, adapted curriculum
- Collaboration between guardians/parents, para educators/teachers, administration, specialists, & outside agencies.
- Adequate funding to allow schools to develop student-based programs, instead of depending only the funding available with schools.
Students with Disability
- Globally, children are excluded from schools where they belong owing to their disability, language, race, religion, gender, & poverty.
- Also, inclusive education means including children with disabilities. However, the interests of children who are disadvantaged are sometimes ignored, restricting their exposure to schooling and their opportunity to take part in educational, cultural and political life. Those kids are among the most possibly out of school in the country. They are continually hindered by discrimination , stigma and the systematic inability of policy making to provide disabilities in school facilities.
- Inclusive education schooling is the most successful means of giving every kid a equal opportunity to go to school, learn & build skills. Every pupil in the same classes in the same schools implies inclusive education. This provides greater educational options for traditionally disadvantaged communities, not only for children with disabilities, but also for native language speakers. The program has a special interest for students from all backgrounds which encourages different classes to work together for the good of everyone.
- Teachers must be qualified at school level, schools upgraded and open learning resources must be provided to students. Stigma and inequality need to be discussed at group level, and people have to be educated for inclusive education. Governments at state level will align legislation and regulations with disability rights and continually gather and review data so as to insure that appropriate programs are accessible to children.
Disadvantaged Students
- For disadvantaged students based on gender, caste, race, class etc, ensure flexibility, training, & tools are accessible to teach students with various requirements and preferred styles. Guarantee sufficient and reliable budgetary resources for kindergartens and schools to ensure the complete integration of all programs and facilities. Empower parents in supportive societies to protect the responsibility of their children to education. Request governments to enforce anti-discrimination legislation, regulatory provisions for equality, and barrier elimination policies
- Inclusive systems provide a better quality education for all children and are instrumental in changing discriminatory attitudes. Schools provide the context for a child’s first relationship with the world outside their families, enabling the development of social relationships and interactions. Respect and understanding grow when students of diverse abilities and backgrounds play, socialize, and learn together.
To know more
Discuss the implementation of inclusive education in india - Brainly.in
brainly.in/question/7875431