what kind of life do pepole have in a civilised country
Answers
Answer:
My favorite characterization of the civilized state is due to William James:
"The progress from brute to man is characterized by nothing so much as the decrease in the frequency of proper occasions for fear."
Two alternative but equivalent characterizations are due to Sapolsky, who sees civilization on terms of the replacement of rare acute stress environments with chronic stress environments. The other is due to Desmond Morris, who first noted that the civilized human condition closely resembles that of animals in zoos (hence his book title: The Human Zoo).
A good author to read at the sociological level is Veblen (Theory of the Leisure Class).
Finally, a related way of understanding civilized people is as creatures who increase the refinement of their behaviors without increasing the utility of those behaviors in corresponding ways. This is because the process of civilization is primarily about taking intelligence out of human heads and embedding it in institutions.
My own modest contribution to this set of ideas is this blog post:
By the way, it is probably not obvious to those who have never read my blog that my tag line, "civilized person" is meant ironically. But I seem to behave in actually civilized ways here, so the irony is kinda lost.
ANSWER :
The Five Key Elements of Civilization are: Centralized Government, Organized Religion, Job Specialization and Social Classes, Arts, Architecture, and Infrastructure, and Writing are the the form of civilization.
EXPLANATION :
A civilization is a complex human society, usually made up of different cities, with certain characteristics of cultural and technological development. In many parts of the world, early civilizations formed when people began coming together in urban settlements. However, defining what civilization is, and what societies fall under that designation, is a hotly contested argument, even among today’s anthropologists.
The word “civilization” relates to the Latin word “civitas” or “city.” This is why the most basic definition of the word “civilization” is “a society made up of cities.” But early in the development of the term, anthropologists and others used “civilization” and “civilized society” to differentiate between societies they found culturally superior (which they were often a part of), and those they found culturally inferior (which they referred to as “savage” or “barbaric” cultures). The term “civilization” was often applied in an ethnocentric way, with “civilizations” being considered morally good and culturally advanced, and other societies being morally wrong and “backward.” This complicated history is what makes defining a civilization troublesome for scholars, and why today’s modern definition is still in flux.
Still, most anthropologists agree on some criteria to define a society as a civilization. First, civilizations have some kind of urban settlements and are not nomadic. With support from the other people living in the settlement, labor is divided up into specific jobs (called the division of labor), so not everyone has to focus on growing their own food. From this specialization comes class structure and government, both aspects of a civilization. Another criterion for civilization is a surplus of food, which comes from having tools to aid in growing crops. Writing, trading, artwork and monuments, and development of science and technology are all aspects of civilizations.
However, there are many societies that scholars consider civilizations that do not meet all of the criteria above. For example, the Incan Empire was a large civilization with a government and social hierarchy. It left behind a wealth of art, and had highly developed architecture—but no written language. This is why the concept of “civilization” is hard to define; however, it is still a helpful framework with which to view how humans come together and form a society.