What led to rise of Bombay and Calcutta ports in the 19th century..?? Explain.
Answers
In 1750 the trade channels which were dominated by Indian Merchants was cracking down and European nations were increasing their dominance by obtaining a variety of authorizations from the local court and obtaining monopoly rights of trade. This appears in a deterioration of old port of Surat and Hooghly through which local traders had operated. Exports from these harbors felt and the local bankers gradually went bankrupt. This event occurs in the shift of old ports to the new ports of Bombay and Calcutta where business was dominated by European corporations and goods carried in European ships.
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Today Calcutta and Bombay are India's two largest cities, and also its largest ports. The coincidence of size and port function is, however, somewhat unusual for India. Of its twelve largest cities, allover one million population, only one other, Madras, is a port city. India's history and geography have made port cities somewhat less important than its inland cities. As in other Asian countries, the coming of western industrial imperialism greatly increased the importance of the port cities. Indeed, Bombay and Calcutta were founded as port cities by the British. Although Bombay was established as major colonial outpost in the mid 17th century and Calcutta in the early 18th century, they were officially opened as port cities in 1875 and 1893 respectively.