What led to the communist guerilla forces being defeated during the Greek Civil War?
Answers
While I was a pre-teen U.S. military dependent with my Dad in the 1950-1952 stationed in Greece there was no war being fought in the Athens area and any points south. Life was normal for a recovering war torn nation. There was much guerrilla fighting in the northern areas (Macedonia) Thessaloniki. The so-called Civil War was just a part of the Cold War and the communists vs the "good guys" post WWII. There has been much drama associated with British and American interference in Greek politics during that time frame. Although it was the Nazi's who had wreaked havoc on Greece's infrastructure, where entire forests and agricultural production capabilities were decimated leaving entire farm fields and mountains bare. The citizens were left impoverished. During my stay, I saw no fighting, but I did see the building of roads, homes, and much needed flood control projects completed. I knew the Greeks as strong nationalist, very hard working and honorable. Although we were the "Ugly Americans" (and Brits), we got along well.
[The Greek Civil War (Greek: ο Eμφύλιος [Πόλεμος], "the Civil War") was fought from 1946–49 between the Greek government army—backed by Great Britain and the United States—and the Democratic Army of Greece (DSE), the military branch of the Greek Communist Party (KKE), backed by Yugoslavia and Albania as well as Bulgaria. The result was the defeat of the Communist insurgents by the government forces. Founded by the Communist Party of Greece and funded by Communist nations such as Yugoslavia, many of the insurgents operating within the Democratic Army of Greece were partisans who had fought against German and Italian occupation forces during the Second World War. The civil war was the result of a highly polarized struggle between left and right that started in 1943 and targeted the power vacuum that the end of German-Italian occupation during World War II had created. It was one of the first conflicts of the Cold War, and represents the first example of postwar involvement in the internal politics of a foreign country. Greece in the end was funded by the U.S. through the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Planand joined NATO, while the insurgents were demoralized by the bitter split between the Soviet Union's Premier Joseph Stalin (who wanted the war ended) and Yugoslavia's President Josip Broz Tito (who wanted it to continue). Tito was committed to helping the Greek Communists in their efforts, a stance which angered Stalin as he had recently agreed with Winston Churchill to not support the Communists in Greece, a position held and documented in their Percentages Agreement.]
[The war erupted in 1946 when forces of former ELAS partisans that found shelter in their hideouts and were controlled by the KKE organized the DSE and its High Command headquarters. KKE backed up the endeavor, deciding that there were no more political means to use against the internationally recognized government that had been formed after the 1946 elections, which the KKE had boycotted. The Communists formed a provisional government and used DSE as the military branch of this government. The neighboring communist states of Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria offered logistical support to the Provisional Government, especially to the forces operating in the north.]
[The insurgents were demoralized by the bitter split between the USSR's Joseph Stalin (who wanted the war ended) and Yugoslavia's Tito (who wanted it to continue). In June 1948, the Soviet Union and its satellites broke off relations with President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia. In one of the meetings held in Kremlin with Yugoslav representatives, during the Soviet-Yugoslav crisis, Joseph Stalin stated his unqualified opposition to the "Greek uprising". Stalin explained to the Yugoslav delegation that the situation in Greece has always been different from the one in Yugoslavia, because the US and Britain would "never permit [Greece] to break off their lines of communication in the Mediterranean." (Stalin used the word svernut, Russian for "fold up", to express what the Greek Communists should do.)]
By late 1949, the civil war was essentially over. The Royalists with western aid were victorious and the word "communist" became dirty. There probably needs to be a few words said about Greeks who had even a distant cousin or niece who had fought alongside the insurgents. They were not treated well at all. But in time.....
The Greek Civil War fought between the Greek government army and the Democratic Army of Greece.
Explanation:
- The Civil War resulted from a struggle between left and right ideologies that started in 1943.
- During the Greek Civil War, Greek Communists tried to establish their hold but were unable to because of strong support from Britain.
- Britain and America supported the government against local Communists.
Learn More:
Explain greek war of independence
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