Question

what led to the disintegration of Soviet Union?​

Answer 1

The dissolution of the Soviet Union (1988–1991) was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union, which resulted in the end of its existence as a sovereign state. The process began with growing unrest in the Union’s various constituent republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between the republics and the central government. Lithuania became the first republic to declare its independence, in 1990, followed by fellow Baltic states Estonia and Latvia. In late 1991, the leaders of three of the Union’s founding and largest republics (the Russian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR) declared that the Soviet Union no longer existed, and 11 more republics joined them shortly thereafter. These declarations led to President Mikhail Gorbachev having to resign his office and what was left of the Soviet parliament formally acknowledging what had already taken place.

Answer 2

Answer:(like a 3mark)

Gorbachev's decision to allow elections with a multi-party system and create a presidency for the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that eventually destabilized Communist control and contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union

Explanation:(for a better understanding)

Disintegration of the USSR : Major Events

Crisis in the Socialist bloc:

People in many east European countries started protest against their own governments and USSR. Without the right intervention from USSR at the right time, communist governments in the second world collapsed one after the other.

The fall of Berlin Wall:

Germany was divided after the second world war – among the socialist USSR and the capitalist western regimes. The fall of Berlin led to a series of events including the disintegration of the USSR.

Economic and political reforms in USSR :

Gorbachev identified the economic and political problems of USSR, and started a series of reforms, with the intention to revive economy. This was a deviation from the communist policies, and was more closely associated with the market economy. Many communist leaders in USSR opposed reforms initiated by Gorbachev.  They encouraged a coup in 1991.

Opposition against the coup :

Boris Yelsin who won popular election in Russian Republic, protested against the coup and central control of USSR. Freedom for republics became the slogan. Boris Yeltsin and the pluralist movement advocated democratization and rapid economic reforms while the hard-line Communist elite wanted to thwart Gorbachev’s reform agenda.

Power shift from Soviet center to republics:

Republics like Russia, Ukraine, Belarus emerged powerful. They declared that the soviet union was disbanded.

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