What led to the emergence of feelings of nationalism in Europe? Need a 3 mark answer.
Answers
during the 19th century, feelings of nationalism emerged and brought a colossal change Europe , both mentally and politically . these changes became the reason behind the changed political system and multi national dynastic empires of Europe were replaced with nation states. this idea of modern state , where a clearly defined territory controlled by centralised power , had been developing in Europe , over a long period of time . the concept of nation state and nationalism came into being with both the rulers and citizens . they joined their hands and developed a sense of collective identity and shared history. the sense of commonness was forged through struggles and through common people .
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Romanticism
People identify politically with others for whom they feel cultural affinity. This has historically focussed upon Religion and allegiance to single temporal authority (usually a king). Subjects of the Austro-Hungarian Empire cut across dozens of linguistic groups because they all accepted allegiance to the Emperor. Most were also Catholics. Not actually so different from a Nation State like France, where mutually unintelligible varieties of Romance languages were spoken and a Parisian might struggle to understand anyone in the Languedoc.
All this changed with the rise of the printed word, suddenly language had to be standardised in order to be understood, (initially to be able to read the Bible).
Before this process began, it didn’t much matter to a North Italian that the German spoken by his Emperor was unintelligible because so was Sicilian, Sardinian and Neopolitan varieties of Italian. The printed word created modern Nationalism because for the first time a language came to define the Nation, people relate most to those whom they can understand. By the mid 19C the vast majority of French, Italians, Germans, Hungarians, Poles and others could pretty much understand whatever their countrymen wrote, even if understanding local accents could remain a problem; At least the vocabulary and the grammar were now standardised.
Sudden it did matter a whole lot to a North Italian that he couldn’t understand the language of his Emperor