What logical fallacies can you identify in this sentences "Because there are 62,000 people desperately clinging to life, some of whom will die if we don’t have the courage to move the moral line –and hold it.." *
Answers
Answer: he first human allotransplant—a transfer of an organ or tissue between two individuals of the same species—took place in 1905, when Austrian ophthalmologist Eduard Zirm attached sections from a donor’s cornea to the damaged eyes of a patient suffering from glaucoma. The procedure was a success, but transplantation of other organs proved more difficult because of the human immune system’s tendency to reject foreign tissue. In 1954, doctors at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Bos-ton sidestepped this problem by transplanting a kidney from one living twin brother to another—the first truly successful operation of its kind. Eventually, the development of immunosuppressants such as cortisone, azathioprine, and later, cyclosporine, made transplantations more feasible and thus more widely available. The first successful heart transplant took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1967. By the 1980s, such proce-dures were common. The one-year survival rate for heart, liver, pancreas, and kidney recipients is now between 75 and 95 percent. However, as transplantation has become safe and widely practiced, another problem has arisen: a chronic shortage of organ and tissue donors. Most states allow residents to register as donors on their driver’s licenses, and according to Donate Life America, over 86 million Americans have done so. Still, more than 100,000 candidates are currently waiting for organs, and several thousand will die each year while waiting for a trans-plant. This shortage has led to a black market—even in the United States—and some Americans have engaged in so-called transplant tour-ism by seeking organs abroad that they cannot find at home. The persistent shortage of organs has led some to reevaluate the U.S. organ-donation system. America has an “opt-in” policy: that is, individu-als must actively choose to become donors. If the potential donor dies, however, the decision to donate organs rests with the family—even if the deceased has checked the donor box on his or her driver’s license. In contrast, many other countries, including Israel, Austria, and Spain, now assume “presumed consent”: everyone is a potential donor at the time of death unless a person opts out of the program. Advocates of this “opt-out” policy argue that it would significantly increase donation rates in the United States, where thousands of viable organs now go to waste every year. In addition, although United States law forbids the sale of organs, other countries are experimenting with legal organ markets.The four essays in this casebook highlight the many complex issues involved in formulating organ-donor policies. In “The Meat Market,” economist Alex Tabarrok examines America’s shortage of donors and the global market for organs. He sees major changes in U.S. policy—whether
Explanation:
Answer: he first human allotransplant—a transfer of an organ or tissue between two individuals of the same species—took place in 1905, when Austrian ophthalmologist Eduard Zirm attached sections from a donor’s cornea to the damaged eyes of a patient suffering from glaucoma. The procedure was a success, but transplantation of other organs proved more difficult because of the human immune system’s tendency to reject foreign tissue. In 1954, doctors at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Bos-ton sidestepped this problem by transplanting a kidney from one living twin brother to another—the first truly successful operation of its kind. Eventually, the development of immunosuppressants such as cortisone, azathioprine, and later, cyclosporine, made transplantations more feasible and thus more widely available. The first successful heart transplant took place in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1967. By the 1980s, such proce-dures were common. The one-year survival rate for heart, liver, pancreas, and kidney recipients is now between 75 and 95 percent. However, as transplantation has become safe and widely practiced, another problem has arisen: a chronic shortage of organ and tissue donors. Most states allow residents to register as donors on their driver’s licenses, and according to Donate Life America, over 86 million Americans have done so. Still, more than 100,000 candidates are currently waiting for organs, and several thousand will die each year while waiting for a trans-plant. This shortage has led to a black market—even in the United States—and some Americans have engaged in so-called transplant tour-ism by seeking organs abroad that they cannot find at home. The persistent shortage of organs has led some to reevaluate the U.S. organ-donation system. America has an “opt-in” policy: that is, individu-als must actively choose to become donors. If the potential donor dies, however, the decision to donate organs rests with the family—even if the deceased has checked the donor box on his or her driver’s license. In contrast, many other countries, including Israel, Austria, and Spain, now assume “presumed consent”: everyone is a potential donor at the time of death unless a person opts out of the program. Advocates of this “opt-out” policy argue that it would significantly increase donation rates in the United States, where thousands of viable organs now go to waste every year. In addition, although United States law forbids the sale of organs, other countries are experimenting with legal organ markets.The four essays in this casebook highlight the many complex issues involved in formulating organ-donor policies. In “The Meat Market,” economist Alex Tabarrok examines America’s shortage of donors and the global market for organs. He sees major changes in U.S. policy—whether
Explanation: