What makes india a federal country? (class tenth) ( explain the linguistic states, language policy, centre state relations in the answer)
Answers
India a federal country because of the following reasons:
There are levels of governments—Central Government, State Government and Local Government.
Each level of government administers over the same region, but they have their own jurisdiction in matters of administration, taxation and legislation.
The Government at each level derives its power from the Constitution of the country. Thus, the Central Government cannot easily dilute the powers of the State or Local Governments.
The basic principles of the Constitution and the rights given to the people cannot be changed by only one tier of the Government. It requires the consent of governments at both levels.
Both levels of the Government can collect taxes from the people according to the guidelines of the Constitution of the country.
The Indian Constitution contains three lists which contain subjects in which the Union and the State Governments may form laws. Only central government can make laws in the Union List and state government in the state list. Subjects related to the interests of both Central and State Governments are included in the concurrent list.
FEDERALISM is practiced in India by :
1. The creation of Linguistic States,
which was the first and a major test for democratic politics in our country. Many old States have vanished and many new States have been created. Areas, boundaries and names of the States have been changed. In 1947, the boundaries of several old States were changed in order to create new States. This was done to ensure that people who spoke the same language lived in the same State. Some States were created not on the basis of language but to recognise differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography. These include States like Nagaland, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand.
2. Language policy :
A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 per cent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages Constitution
3. Centre-State relations :
restructuring the Centre - State relations is one more way in which federalism has been strengthened in practice . since 1990 , COALITION Governments were at the Centre. Since no single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, the major national parties had to enter into an alliance with many parties including several regional parties to form a government at the Centre .
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