what may help you to conclude that the a. spines on acacia are modified stem, and d. spines on opuntia are modified leaves?
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Explanation:
a.Stipule of the leaf of Acacia plant is modified to form spines. Spines are also modified leaves. In Acacia, spines are wholly transformed leaves that protect the plant from herbivores, radiate heat from the stem during the day, and collect and drip condensed water vapour during the cooler night
b.The spines present on Opuntia represent the reduced leaves. The leaf parts become modified into spines in order to protect the plants from grazing animals and excessive transpiration.
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