what measures can be taken to control coastal erosion
Answers
Jetties: This solution involves constructing a line (2 or more depending on the number of channels) of long structures perpendicular to the coast that reach into the ocean.
Breakwaters: These are barriers that are constructed offshore parallel to or at an angle to the shoreline. Breakwaters act as a wave barrier, allowing the beach to grow while preventing harmful erosion.
Vegetation: Strategic planting of vegetation can be used to help control erosion. the roots of coastal plants help to anchor the sand and ensure that it is not carried off in erosion.
Explanation:
Hard engineered structures such as seawalls, groynes and breakwaters are often built to reduce coastal erosion and maintain a minimum beach width for recreation along coast regions. China has a seawall coastline of some 13 830 km that is the most popular erosion countermeasure along the Chinese coast; groynes and breakwaters always appear along muddy coasts or are used as aided structures. The latter are a common way to trap sediment in a particular coastal cell to maintain the nourished beach width; reclamation has already produced 12 000 km2 of new land for the Chinese coastal area since the 1940's, including artificial islands in recent years. Soft engineering and combined structures are more and more popular in China; including those in Taiwan there are 34 documented nourishment sites. Other significant countermeasures to protect the coastline include planting Spartina alterniflora, mangrove afforestation, coral reef transplants, and introducing marine natural reserves. Since its introduction in the 1980's, over 34 km2 of coastal wetland has been covered by Spartina alterniflora in China. Mangrove afforestation and coral reef transplants have also been carried out in the south China coastal area as environmentally friendly measures for coastal management, together with the declaration of marine natural reserves. More than 8 300 km2 of coastal land has been protected in this way