what measures should be adopted to avoid water scarcity
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1) Productivity of agricultural water can be improved by using better cultivars and nutrient applicants. This can help reduce the fraction of people living in areas facing water stress by 2 per cent by 2050. Water stress is defined as a scenario “where more than 40 per cent of the available water from rivers is unavailable because it is already being used”.
(2) Irrigation efficiency can be improved by switching from flood irrigation to sprinklers or drips. However, this measure can result in soil salinisation, warns the study.
(3) Domestic and industrial water use can be reduced by cutting leakage in distribution and by improving water recycling facilities
(4) Keeping world population below 8.5 billion by 2050 though tax incentives and family planning can reduce the demand for water. But current trends indicate that this measure could be difficult to implement, says that study.
(5) Increasing storage in reservoirs by enlarging the capacity of existing reservoirs, by making new reservoirs and by reducing sedimentation. This strategy would require an additional 600 cubic km of additional capacity and could have “negative ecological and social impacts”
(6) Increasing the capacity or numbers of desalination plants can help in countering the problem in coastal areas. A 50-fold increase is needed to have an impact. This would require significant investments and will have energy costs. Also, waste water discharged will need to be disposed of safely.
(2) Irrigation efficiency can be improved by switching from flood irrigation to sprinklers or drips. However, this measure can result in soil salinisation, warns the study.
(3) Domestic and industrial water use can be reduced by cutting leakage in distribution and by improving water recycling facilities
(4) Keeping world population below 8.5 billion by 2050 though tax incentives and family planning can reduce the demand for water. But current trends indicate that this measure could be difficult to implement, says that study.
(5) Increasing storage in reservoirs by enlarging the capacity of existing reservoirs, by making new reservoirs and by reducing sedimentation. This strategy would require an additional 600 cubic km of additional capacity and could have “negative ecological and social impacts”
(6) Increasing the capacity or numbers of desalination plants can help in countering the problem in coastal areas. A 50-fold increase is needed to have an impact. This would require significant investments and will have energy costs. Also, waste water discharged will need to be disposed of safely.
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1) Every municipality should set up a 10 member domain experts group to come out with a road-map for addressing water scarcity for the respective city. This should not be based on political affiliation, but merited upon the work done. Members must be from civil society organisations, academic experts, field engineers and agriculture professionals, public health experts including bureaucrats and journalists.
2) Maintain standardized supply during water rationing wherein water is provided for one and half hour in the morning between 6.00 am to 7.30 am and then for one and half hour in the evening between 7.30 pm to 9 pm daily. Skewed supply of alternate days and once in two days is inappropriate and absurd as stored water in households which go unused will again be discarded to accommodate new supply, leading to severe water wasting.
3) Ground water conservation in selected catchment areas must be identified wherever applicable and sub-catchment areas need to be built as well water scare regions.
4) Pass legislation where Municipalities can offer to dig under-ground wells for independent residences at a subsidized cost, monitored by the local corporators.
5) Adopt ground water re-charge practice and manage evaporation losses.
6) Water availability can be sourced by improving waste water treatment so that water re-cycled can be used for gardening, washing vehicles and for sewage requirement as well.
7) Optimize irrigation operations with sustainable techniques.
8) Leakage reduction in all public and private sector institutions.
9) Facilitate behaviour change in water consumption methods.
10) Use sea-water in coastal areas for flushing toilets through a dual reticulated municipal supply strategy.
11) Reduce water use in fish and sea-food processing units.
12) Emphasize on drought management policy formulation in local governing bodies.
13) Promote proactive disaster management through risk reduction programmes.
14) Safeguard public health by ensuring optimum clean drinking water and hygienic sanitation measures in place at every municipality territories.
15) Water recycling policy must be implemented in the food sector, power sector and steel production units wherever applicable.
16) Create new water through saline aquifer.
17) Promote climate appropriate plant selection; where other plant species would be suitable.
18) Advocate the need to install smart meters which will provides real-time feedback to users, alerting them of a sudden jump in water use that may signify a leak.
19) Introduce water audits.
20) Develop public private partnerships to address regional water scarcity.
21) Introduce water efficiency programmes and water wasting meters for mining and petrochemical industry.
22) Development of vulnerability assessment methodologies under different environmental conditions must be encouraged.
23) Commission different research for technological and socio-behavioural change to improve the ability to understand changing drought dynamics.
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1) Every municipality should set up a 10 member domain experts group to come out with a road-map for addressing water scarcity for the respective city. This should not be based on political affiliation, but merited upon the work done. Members must be from civil society organisations, academic experts, field engineers and agriculture professionals, public health experts including bureaucrats and journalists.
2) Maintain standardized supply during water rationing wherein water is provided for one and half hour in the morning between 6.00 am to 7.30 am and then for one and half hour in the evening between 7.30 pm to 9 pm daily. Skewed supply of alternate days and once in two days is inappropriate and absurd as stored water in households which go unused will again be discarded to accommodate new supply, leading to severe water wasting.
3) Ground water conservation in selected catchment areas must be identified wherever applicable and sub-catchment areas need to be built as well water scare regions.
4) Pass legislation where Municipalities can offer to dig under-ground wells for independent residences at a subsidized cost, monitored by the local corporators.
5) Adopt ground water re-charge practice and manage evaporation losses.
6) Water availability can be sourced by improving waste water treatment so that water re-cycled can be used for gardening, washing vehicles and for sewage requirement as well.
7) Optimize irrigation operations with sustainable techniques.
8) Leakage reduction in all public and private sector institutions.
9) Facilitate behaviour change in water consumption methods.
10) Use sea-water in coastal areas for flushing toilets through a dual reticulated municipal supply strategy.
11) Reduce water use in fish and sea-food processing units.
12) Emphasize on drought management policy formulation in local governing bodies.
13) Promote proactive disaster management through risk reduction programmes.
14) Safeguard public health by ensuring optimum clean drinking water and hygienic sanitation measures in place at every municipality territories.
15) Water recycling policy must be implemented in the food sector, power sector and steel production units wherever applicable.
16) Create new water through saline aquifer.
17) Promote climate appropriate plant selection; where other plant species would be suitable.
18) Advocate the need to install smart meters which will provides real-time feedback to users, alerting them of a sudden jump in water use that may signify a leak.
19) Introduce water audits.
20) Develop public private partnerships to address regional water scarcity.
21) Introduce water efficiency programmes and water wasting meters for mining and petrochemical industry.
22) Development of vulnerability assessment methodologies under different environmental conditions must be encouraged.
23) Commission different research for technological and socio-behavioural change to improve the ability to understand changing drought dynamics.
HOPE IT HELPS YOU OUT. PLEASE MARK ME AS BRAINLIEST
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