Question

What measures were taken to bring in socio-economic change during the initial years after independence?
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Answer 1

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Independent India was poverty stricken. In order to bring in social and economic change, Nehru set up the Planning Commission to carry out planned development in the country. The First Five Year plan adopted by India focussed on agriculture and the need for increasing food production.

Nehru adopted three strategies to transform the rural sector.

Land reform: It included the abolition of the zamindari system, tenancy reform, and land ceilings. These led to the redistribution of agricultural land mainly in the hands of the tiller.

Agricultural cooperatives: The cooperatives helped farmers by providing them with valuable farm inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, at lower costs.

Local self-government: It monitored that land reforms were carried out and that cooperatives represent the collective interests of the village.

The first five-year plan also focussed on providing irrigation electricity facilities. It also stressed the need to industrialise India.

Answer 2

What measures were taken to bring in socio-economic change during the initial years after independence?

• An independent India was bequeathed a shattered economy, widespread illiteracy and shocking poverty.

• An independent India was bequeathed a shattered economy, widespread illiteracy and shocking poverty.Contemporary economists divide the history of India’s economic growth into two phases – first 45 years after independence and the two decades of free market economy. The years preceding the economic liberalisation were mainly marked by instances wherein economic development got stagnated due to a lack of meaningful policies.

• An independent India was bequeathed a shattered economy, widespread illiteracy and shocking poverty.Contemporary economists divide the history of India’s economic growth into two phases – first 45 years after independence and the two decades of free market economy. The years preceding the economic liberalisation were mainly marked by instances wherein economic development got stagnated due to a lack of meaningful policies.The economic reforms came to India’s rescue with the launching of a policy of liberalisation and privatisation.

• A flexible industrial licensing policy and a relaxed FDI policy started getting positive responses from international investors.

• Among the major factors that drove India’s economic growth following the economic reforms of 1991 were increased FDI, adoption of information technology and an increased domestic consumption.

• India is also aggressively pursuing both nuclear and missile programmes.

• That has simultaneously augmented the country’s defence strength as well