Question

What other mechanisms to keep surface area to volume ration small biology?

Answer 1

Answer:

For single-celled organisms, exchange of material is easier as the diffusion pathway is

short. However, for multi-cellular organisms, the rate of exchange is dependent on a

number of considerations. One of which is the surface area to volume ratio.

Surface area to volume ratio

Surface area and volume are both important in studying the exchange of materials in an

organism. The volume is important to study as it tells you how much of a substance

needs exchanging. On the other hand, surface area tells you of how much of a

substance can be exchanged.

Surface area refers to the area exposed to the external environment.

Volume refers to the amount of space inside of the object.

Surface Area of Cubic Pig:

6 faces x (5 x 5) = 150

SA:V ratio of Cubic Pig: 150: 125

Let us say a cubic mouse is a 1 x 1 x1 cube:

Volume = 1 x 1 x 1 = 1

SA = 6 x (1 x 1) = 6

SA:V ratio of cubic mouse: 6:1

Importance of Surface Area to Volume Ratio

The size of the cell is important when talking about exchange of material. For example, cells

generally need to be small because they rely mainly on diffusion to get their needed

materials, and to expel unwanted materials. As the cells become larger, it will be much harder

for material to reach the center of the cell, thus rendering diffusion as less efficient as a

mode of transport. Because of that, large cells tend to divide into two smaller cells to again

produce cells with higher SA:V ratio.

Ways to Increase SA:V ratio

- Folding in the surface of the cell membrane to increase the surface area

- Developing into long, thin, or elongated shaped cells

- Presence of large vacuoles inside the cell that pushes the other organelles to the side

of the cell for easier diffusion of materials.

For Unicellular organisms

Unicellular organisms are generally smaller than multi-cellular organisms. Their small size

means a large SA:V ratio. This means it is easier for materials to move into and out of the cell

by diffusion and active transport.

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