what practices should we adopt for agricultural development???
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Answer:
By ensuring immediate benefits:
While environmental soundness and resilience are paramount, farmers must experience an immediate benefit if they are going to change their practice. Only then can it be sustainable in the long term. Getting benefits from sustainable agriculture is not always quick though, as it takes time for new approaches to be adapted to different agroecological and socio-economic conditions and to show their impacts: rebuilding organic matter dramatically improves soil fertility and moisture, but it can take two or more years for this to happen.
In Mozambique, CARE has promoted an improved variety of cassava that performs even better if grown using conservation practices. This has provided an incentive for cassava producers to adopt conservation agriculture. Improved access to market can also trigger farmers’ motivation to invest in agriculture.
By providing intermediate, appropriate technology:
In order to be attractive, sustainable practices need to be technically as well as economically efficient. Intermediate technological solutions such as light machinery and affordable tools can encourage small-scale farmers to test them. New tools and practices can be better tested to the local conditions through participatory research.
CARE, the Ministry of Agriculture, and local partners such as AENA and Mahlahle use Farmer Field Schools (FFS) – or Escolas na Machamba de Camponês. Through FFS, farmers have identified combinations of local crops that, beyond being tolerant to drought and providing more food, build up soil fertility and organic matter – all with minimal cost and labour.
By carrying out research and technical assistance:
Farmers know a lot, but they may not know about alternative options if they have not been introduced to them. Research and technical extension staff need additional resources to reach more farmers, and they need more training on 'non-conventional' farming methods and on innovative ways to share their knowledge. Farmer Field Schools, again, allow organisations such as FAO to transfer knowledge, for instance on integrated pest management, while ensuring that farmers' interests and learning skills are prioritised.
Increased coordination and planning:
The workshop provided a rare occasion for government, academia, civil society and technical agencies such as FAO and the CGIAR to engage in an open and honest conversation on sustainable agriculture. Although many of these actors already work on sustainable practices, they agreed that their impact could be amplified by fostering synergies, making interventions more consistent and avoiding duplication of efforts.
Increased policy support and leadership:
Addressing technical and financial constraints is important, but policy coherence is essential for scaling-up. One way to reinforce policy advocacy for sustainable agriculture is by producing and consolidating evidence of its benefits, in contrast with the negative impacts of high-input intensive monocultures. A better shared understanding of these issues would provide common ground for local actors to pursue the changes that are needed in agricultural policy and practice.
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