what problems did the government face during the partition of India?
Answers
Under new and inexperienced government, poverty and overpopulation grew out of control. Because Britain had discouraged the growth of industry, India was far behind the technology of the modern world and depended mainly upon agriculture. Most Indians lived in poverty with an average income of less than 1,000 dollars per year. 35% of India's farmland was owned by the wealthiest 5% of the rural population while half the people owned no land at all. Nehru and later leaders tried to modernize the country's economy, and in the 1960's India developed scientific farming techniques.
Despite great progress major obstacles remained. Large families were a tradition in India and parents counted on children for care in their old age. Between 1947 and 1985 the population was growing by about 40,000 people every day. The governments set up birth control clinics, but the situation only slightly improved.
Then in 1966 Nehru, the leader of India died and his daughter, Indira Gandhi was chosen Prime Minister. Under Indira Gandhi, India made great economic progress. Both industry and agriculture grew in the 1970s. India became one of the world's largest industrial nations. Meanwhile India's birthrate dropped slightly, but still remained one of the highest in the world. By 1990, more than 15% of the world lived in India. India also sought world power by exploding its first nuclear device in 1974.
However, Indira Gandhi was a controversial figure. In 1975 she was found guilty of illegal campaign practices, but refused to step down. Instead she declared a state of emergency, arrested political opponents and restricted the press. She also faced serious threats from Sikh extremists. The Sikhs are a religious group that blends Hinduism and Islam. In 1984 Gandhi ordered government troops to crush a violent rebellion among Sikh extremists seeking an independent sate. Four months later, two of Gandhi's Sikh bodyguards assassinated her. Outraged Hindus retaliated by killing 2,500 Sikhs.
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