what procss control subsiquent growth of nuclei during nanoparticle synthesis
Answers
Explanation:
Nucleation is the process whereby nuclei (seeds) act as templates for crystal growth. Primary nucleation is the case of nucleation without the presence of other crystalline matter as defined by Mullin. This can be used to describe the nucleation of many chemical syntheses. However, the formation of porous solids does not always follow the classical pathways of crystallization in solution. The first mechanism was the LaMer mechanism which has the conceptual separation of the nucleation and growth into two stages. LaMer studied the synthesis of sulfur sols from the decomposition of sodium thiosulfate, consisted in two steps: the first to form free sulfur from the thiosulfate and the second form sulfur sols in solution. The process of nucleation and growth through the LaMer mechanism can be divided into three portions.
When the concentration of a solute in a solvent exceeds its equilibrium solubility or
temperature decreases below the phase transformation point, a new phase appears. Let us
consider the case homogeneous nucleation of a solid phase from a supersaturated solution as an
example. A solution with solute exceeding the solubility or supersaturated possesses a high
Gibbs free energy; the overall energy of the system would be reduced by segregating solute
from the solution. Figure 3.1 is a schematic showing the reduction of the overall Gibbs free
energy of a supersaturated solution by forming a solid phase and maintaining an equilibrium
concentration in the solution. This reduction of Gibbs free energy is the driving force for both
nucleation and growth. The change of Gibbs free energy per unit volume of the solid phase,
∆Gv, is dependent on the concentration of the solute.
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