What rule dies narural selection play in the process of speciation how is it different from artificial selection . Explain with example of each?
Answers
Natural selection
Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift.
Darwin's grand idea of evolution by natural selection is relatively simple but often misunderstood. To find out how it works, imagine a population of beetles:
There is variation in traits.
For example, some beetles are green and some are brown.
Color variation in these beetles
There is differential reproduction.
Since the environment can't support unlimited population growth, not all individuals get to reproduce to their full potential. In this example, green beetles tend to get eaten by birds and survive to reproduce less often than brown beetles do.
Differential reproduction
There is heredity.
The surviving brown beetles have brown baby beetles because this trait has a genetic basis.
Heredity of the traits of the beetles who survive
End result:
The more advantageous trait, brown coloration, which allows the beetle to have more offspring, becomes more common in the population. If this process continues, eventually, all individuals in the population will be brown.
Eventually, the advantageous trait dominates
If you have variation, differential reproduction, and heredity, you will have evolution by natural selection as an outcome. It is as simple as that.