Biology, asked by Anonymous, 10 months ago

what should be thickness of endometrium during pregnancy​

Answers

Answered by gurleen2717
1

Answer:

Patients with an endometrial thickness between 7–8 mm had a decreased pregnancy rate, but no significant difference was shown when compared to patients with endometrial thickness in 8-14 mm. Implantation is necessary for a successful pregnancy and requires healthy endometrial receptivity [17]

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Answered by Anonymous
24

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ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ᴀғғᴇᴄᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴ ᴠɪᴛʀᴏ ғᴇʀᴛɪʟɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

ʏᴜ ᴡᴜ, xɪᴀᴏʜᴏɴɢ ɢᴀᴏ, [...], ᴀɴᴅ xɪᴀᴏᴡᴇɪ xɪ

ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

ᴀʙsᴛʀᴀᴄᴛ

ʙᴀᴄᴋɢʀᴏᴜɴᴅ

ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜɪs sᴛᴜᴅʏ ᴡᴀs ᴛᴏ ᴀssᴇss ᴛʜᴇ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʀɪᴏɴɪᴄ ɢᴏɴᴀᴅᴏᴛʀᴏᴘɪɴ (ʜᴄɢ) ᴅᴀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴠɪᴛʀᴏ ғᴇʀᴛɪʟɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ (ɪᴠғ-ᴇᴛ) ᴏᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.

ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅs

ᴀ ʀᴇᴛʀᴏsᴘᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴏʜᴏʀᴛ sᴛᴜᴅʏ ᴡᴀs ᴘᴇʀғᴏʀᴍᴇᴅ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴡɪᴛʜ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴊᴀɴᴜᴀʀʏ 2011–ᴅᴇᴄᴇᴍʙᴇʀ 2013. ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ғᴏᴜʀ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss, ᴀs ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡs: <7 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 1), > = 7- < 8 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 2), > = 8- < 14 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 3), ᴀɴᴅ > =14 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 4).

ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ᴀғғᴇᴄᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴ ᴠɪᴛʀᴏ ғᴇʀᴛɪʟɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

ʏᴜ ᴡᴜ, xɪᴀᴏʜᴏɴɢ ɢᴀᴏ, [...], ᴀɴᴅ xɪᴀᴏᴡᴇɪ xɪ

ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ ɪɴғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ

ᴀʙsᴛʀᴀᴄᴛ

ʙᴀᴄᴋɢʀᴏᴜɴᴅ

ᴛʜᴇ ɢᴏᴀʟ ᴏғ ᴛʜɪs sᴛᴜᴅʏ ᴡᴀs ᴛᴏ ᴀssᴇss ᴛʜᴇ ᴀssᴏᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʜᴏʀɪᴏɴɪᴄ ɢᴏɴᴀᴅᴏᴛʀᴏᴘɪɴ (ʜᴄɢ) ᴅᴀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ ᴠɪᴛʀᴏ ғᴇʀᴛɪʟɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ (ɪᴠғ-ᴇᴛ) ᴏᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.

ᴍᴇᴛʜᴏᴅs

ᴀ ʀᴇᴛʀᴏsᴘᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴄᴏʜᴏʀᴛ sᴛᴜᴅʏ ᴡᴀs ᴘᴇʀғᴏʀᴍᴇᴅ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴡɪᴛʜ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴊᴀɴᴜᴀʀʏ 2011–ᴅᴇᴄᴇᴍʙᴇʀ 2013. ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴅɪᴠɪᴅᴇᴅ ɪɴᴛᴏ ғᴏᴜʀ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘs ᴀᴄᴄᴏʀᴅɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss, ᴀs ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡs: <7 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 1), > = 7- < 8 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 2), > = 8- < 14 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 3), ᴀɴᴅ > =14 ᴍᴍ (ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 4).

ʀᴇsᴜʟᴛs

ᴀ ᴛᴏᴛᴀʟ ᴏғ 2106 ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴇʀ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇs ᴡᴇʀᴇ ᴀɴᴀʟʏᴢᴇᴅ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ (ᴘʀ) ᴡᴀs 44.87%.

ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʟɪɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ, ᴏɴɢᴏɪɴɢ ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴍᴘʟᴀɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴀᴛᴇ (17.28%, 13.79%, 10.17%, ʀᴇsᴘᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇʟʏ) ᴡᴇʀᴇ sɪɢɴɪғɪᴄᴀɴᴛʟʏ ʟᴏᴡᴇʀ ɪɴ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 1 ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ ᴛʜʀᴇᴇ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘs (ᴘ < 0.05). ᴛʜᴇ ᴍɪsᴄᴀʀʀɪᴀɢᴇ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴡᴀs ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ʟᴇss ᴛʜᴀɴ 7 ᴍᴍ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴄʟɪɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ, ᴏɴɢᴏɪɴɢ ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɪᴍᴘʟᴀɴᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴡᴇʀᴇ ʜɪɢʜᴇsᴛ ɪɴ ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ʜɪɢʜᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀɴ 14 ᴍᴍ, ʙᴜᴛ sʜᴏᴡᴇᴅ ɴᴏ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇ ɪɴ ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴏsᴇ ᴏғ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ 8-14 ᴍᴍ.

ᴄᴏɴᴄʟᴜsɪᴏɴs

ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ɪs ᴀ ᴄᴏʀʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ᴍᴇᴀsᴜʀᴇᴅ ᴏɴ ʜᴄɢ ᴅᴀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ᴄʟɪɴɪᴄᴀʟ ᴏᴜᴛᴄᴏᴍᴇ ɪɴ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴡɪᴛʜ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴀᴅᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴡᴀs ʟᴏᴡᴇʀ ɪɴ ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ʟᴇss ᴛʜᴀɴ 7 ᴍᴍ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴀʀᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ 7 ᴍᴍ.

ᴋᴇʏᴡᴏʀᴅs: ᴇɴᴅᴏᴍᴇᴛʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜɪᴄᴋɴᴇss, ɪᴠғ-ᴇᴛ, ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ, ᴘʀᴇɢɴᴀɴᴄʏ ʀᴀᴛᴇ

ʙᴀᴄᴋɢʀᴏᴜɴᴅ

ɪɴ-ᴠɪᴛʀᴏ ғᴇʀᴛɪʟɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴ (ɪᴠғ) ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛʀᴀᴄʏᴛᴏᴘʟᴀsᴍɪᴄ sᴘᴇʀᴍ ɪɴᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴏɴ (ɪᴄsɪ) ᴀʀᴇ ᴡɪᴅᴇʟʏ ᴀᴄᴄᴇᴘᴛᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴍᴇɴᴛ ғᴏʀ ᴍᴏsᴛ ᴄᴀᴜsᴇs ᴏғ ɪɴғᴇʀᴛɪʟɪᴛʏ. ɢᴏɴᴀᴅᴏᴛʀᴏᴘɪɴ-ʀᴇʟᴇᴀsɪɴɢ ʜᴏʀᴍᴏɴᴇ (ɢɴʀʜ) ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ɪs ɴᴏᴡ ᴡɪᴅᴇʟʏ ᴜsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟʟᴇᴅ ᴏᴠᴀʀɪᴀɴ sᴛɪᴍᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴄʏᴄʟᴇs, ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʀᴇϙᴜɪʀᴇs ʟᴇss ғᴏʟʟɪᴄʟᴇ sᴛɪᴍᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴀs ʟᴏᴡᴇʀ ʀɪsᴋ ғᴏʀ ᴏᴠᴀʀɪᴀɴ ʜʏᴘᴇʀsᴛɪᴍᴜʟᴀᴛɪᴏɴ sʏɴᴅʀᴏᴍᴇ (ᴏʜss) [1, 2]. ᴀ ʀᴀɴᴅᴏᴍɪᴢᴇᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʀɪᴀʟ (ʀᴄᴛ) sʜᴏᴡᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɴᴏʀᴍᴀʟ ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴᴅᴇʀs ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏᴄᴏʟ ᴇxʜɪʙɪᴛᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀᴍᴇ ʜɪɢʜ sᴜᴄᴄᴇss ʀᴀᴛᴇs ᴀs ᴘᴀᴛɪᴇɴᴛs ᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ᴡɪᴛʜ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏɴɢ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏᴄᴏʟ. ᴛʜᴇ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɴᴛᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏᴄᴏʟ ɪs ᴀs ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ ᴀɴᴅ sᴀғᴇ ᴀs ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴏɴɢ ɢɴʀʜ ᴀɢᴏɴɪsᴛ ᴘʀᴏᴛᴏᴄᴏʟ [3].

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