What transmits the power from the engine through the medium of driving wheels to the road?
Answers
There are Several ways this can be achieved.
The most traditional way is via a transmission that take the engine rotation and steps it's speed up or down (along with the power multiplication or division) then to a driveshaft that transfers that rotation into a debice called a differential. This is a bevel gear (typically) device that takes the input rotation and transfers it into the plane of rotation for the wheels. It typically had a speed reduction (and therefore power multiplication) of 2.5-5.75. This then transmits power through axle shafts out to the wheel ends which only to the wheels.
Exotic possibilities include an engine turning a generator that produces electrical power and transfers it to a power bank (batteries, capacitors, both) that then sends the power to a transformer and speed controller that then meters power out to electric motors in the wheel ends. There is even the possibility of an engine turning a hydraulic pump that transfer hydraulic fluid to hydraulic motors that rotate the wheels.
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The vertical motion of the cylinders is translated into horizontal rotary motion by the crankshaft. This is sent to the gearbox which had a clutch mechanism attached, either manually controlled or automatically. This determines the rotational speed sent from the gearbox to the differential. The purpose of the differential is to send rotational power to each of the the front or rear wheels, depending on whether it's a front or rear drive car. The differential is a complex but beautifully simple mechanism. I suggest you YouTube a video of one in operation.
The purpose of the clutch is to smooth and ease the power transfer from engine to gearbox. Without it something would break.
The gearbox is a nightmare of complexity. Look that up if you want your brain to be twisted. It's the car version of quantum mechanics.
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Engine- Gearbox-Drive shaft-Differential-Wheels .
simplified
The engine produces power(600 to 7000 rpm average).Which is transferred to the wheels through gearbox (transmission) and drive shaft.
The function of gearbox is to provide speed and torque conversion from the engine to the drive train.
The drive train is connected to the differential ,which transfers the power to different wheels separately.
Where as in four wheel drive ,after the transmission there comes the the transfer gear(transferring the vehicle to four wheel or two wheel drive)