What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of acetone and chloroform? Justify on the basis of strength of intermolecular interactions that develop in the solution.
Answers
Answer:
NH
3
,
HF
, or
H
2
O
with themselves.)
As a review, hydrogen-bonding is when we have either of the following:
the hydrogen on an electronegative atom has electron density that is getting pulled on by an electronegative atom nearby.
a particularly electropositive hydrogen atom has electron density that is getting pulled on by an electronegative atom nearby.
For acetone and chloroform, we have the second option.
Due to the THREE chlorine atoms on chloroform, the carbon becomes
δ
+
, so it pulls electron density away from the
H
to balance out the electron distribution, thereby making the
H
δ
+
instead.
This allows the
δ
−
oxygen on acetone to interact. Yes, this IS hydrogen-bonding; it just isn't as strong as what you are used to seeing in compounds like
NH
3
,
HF
, or
H
2
O
.
The result of this is that we go from acetone-acetone dipole-dipole interactions and chloroform-chloroform dipole-dipole interactions to hydrogen-bonding between each other.
It turns out that this hydrogen-bonding happens to be stronger the original dipole-dipole forces, so this shows NEGATIVE DEVIATION from Raoult's law.
That is, it has a total vapor pressure lower than predicted. This means the volume of the mixture is smaller than the volume we expect if volumes were perfectly additive.
Explanation:
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