What type of fertilisation takes place outside the animal body?
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External Fertilization
Animals that live in the water usually release their gametes directly into the water—plop, splash. The union takes place outside of the body, and is called external fertilization. Many fish, amphibians, and other sexual aquatic animals use external fertilization (the exceptions are aquatic mammals, sharks, and some other special types of fish).
External fertilization is beneficial because the mother does not have to physically carry the developing offspring. She can also lay a brood of many eggs at one time (we are talking hundreds to millions of eggs). On the other hand, it is also more dangerous because the developing offspring are at a risk to predators gobbling them up for breakfast or second breakfast. Humans aren’t the only ones who like caviar. Eggs are also not as protected from environmental changes (such as pH or temperature) as they would be inside their cozy mother.
It is important that both the eggs and sperm are released in synchronization. Courtship rituals are important to ensure that both parties are ready. Sometimes there is a single pair of fish, but since the eggs and sperm are just "out there," it is also common for multiple males or multiple females to spawn at the same time. There are even sometimes sneaky undesirable fish that hope to get in on the action. They release their gametes secretly near a better male's lady friend since they can't get one of their own.
Gametes can be released in various situations:
No Guarding, Predator Risk
Released into the open water where they are very vulnerable.
Buried in holes or hidden in other places. Bitterling fish even deposit their eggs into the gill filaments of a clam so they do not get eaten before they hatch.
Guarding, Requires More From Parents
Released into a nest, cave, or on a plant where they can guard them.
Released onto a parent where they attach to their body externally.
The eggs are collected after spawning and carried internally. This video shows a female cichlid fish laying eggs and quickly collecting them into her mouth where she holds them carefully until they are ready to hatch.
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Animals that live in the water usually release their gametes directly into the water—plop, splash. The union takes place outside of the body, and is called external fertilization. Many fish, amphibians, and other sexual aquatic animals use external fertilization (the exceptions are aquatic mammals, sharks, and some other special types of fish).
External fertilization is beneficial because the mother does not have to physically carry the developing offspring. She can also lay a brood of many eggs at one time (we are talking hundreds to millions of eggs). On the other hand, it is also more dangerous because the developing offspring are at a risk to predators gobbling them up for breakfast or second breakfast. Humans aren’t the only ones who like caviar. Eggs are also not as protected from environmental changes (such as pH or temperature) as they would be inside their cozy mother.
It is important that both the eggs and sperm are released in synchronization. Courtship rituals are important to ensure that both parties are ready. Sometimes there is a single pair of fish, but since the eggs and sperm are just "out there," it is also common for multiple males or multiple females to spawn at the same time. There are even sometimes sneaky undesirable fish that hope to get in on the action. They release their gametes secretly near a better male's lady friend since they can't get one of their own.
Gametes can be released in various situations:
No Guarding, Predator Risk
Released into the open water where they are very vulnerable.
Buried in holes or hidden in other places. Bitterling fish even deposit their eggs into the gill filaments of a clam so they do not get eaten before they hatch.
Guarding, Requires More From Parents
Released into a nest, cave, or on a plant where they can guard them.
Released onto a parent where they attach to their body externally.
The eggs are collected after spawning and carried internally. This video shows a female cichlid fish laying eggs and quickly collecting them into her mouth where she holds them carefully until they are ready to hatch.
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external fertilization.
The union takes place outside of the body, and is called external fertilization.
Many fish, amphibians, and other sexual aquatic animals use external fertilization (the exceptions are aquatic mammals, sharks, and some other special types of fish).
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