Question

what type of forces present between two hcl molecules?

Answer 1

dipole force is present between the two molecules of hcl.

Answer 2

PLEASE MARK IT AS BRAINLEST

HCl is a polar molecule as Cl is more electronegative than H and the bonding pair of electrons is closer to Cl.

This causes Cl to have a permanent partial negative charge, while H has a partial positive charge.

Thus H-Cl bond is polar due to the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms inside this bond.

A polar bond will have a dipole moment in the direction from positive atom to negative atom. (think of it like a vector)

In the case of HCl, the dipole moment will point from H to Cl.

HCl has only one polar bond thus it would clearly be a polar molecule.

So the dominant intermolecular force for HCl would be permanent dipole-permanent dipole attraction.

Students need to be careful here: Polar bond is not equal to polar molecule!

There are molecules which contain polar bonds but due to high symmetry, the dipole moments cancel out exactly (vector sum of all the dipole moments equal zero), and the molecules are non-polar.

A great example would be CO2, whose shape is linear:

O=C=O

C=O bond is polar as O is more electronegative than C, so there is a dipole moment from positive C to negative O.

But there is another O=C bond which is exactly the same as C=O bond but the dipole moment is pointing in opposite direction with the same magnitude.

So these 2 dipole moments cancel out exactly, CO2 is non-polar, and its IMF is instantaneous dipole-induced dipole attractions, just like H2.