What types of irrigation is used in our country
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There are various types of irrigation system practiced in India. Some of the systems are listed below:
Wells are abunduntly found in the states of U. P., Bihar, Tamil Nadu, etc. There are various types of wells like shallow wells, deep wells, tube wells, artesian wells, etc. Shallow wells water are not always available as the level of water goes down during the arid season. Deep well is more suitable as such type of well always has water irrespective of time. A deep tube well worked by electricity, can irrigate a much larger area (about 400 hectares) than a surface well (1/2 hectares).Tube-wells are also used for irrigation purposes. Tube wells can be installed and used near agricultural area where ground water is readily available. Tube wells are mostly used in states of U.P., Haryana, Punjab, Bihar and Gujarat. In Rajasthan and Maharashtra, artesian wells are now supplying water to agricultural lands. In artesian wells, water level remains at a high-level because of the natural flow of water due to high pressure.
Reservoir water irrigation system
In near Hyderabad areas, water-reservoirs are made by constructing structures across the water bodies. Such structures are referred as dams. This system is greatly adopted in the States of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka, etc. Even in Northern India , reservoirs of water are constructed for storing water. From all these reservoir, water is carried to the fields through canals.In many places, rain-water harvesting systems are installed and water is stored in large artificial reservoirs to be used for agricultural purposes.
Canal irrigation system
Canal irrigation is playing a vital role in Indian agriculture. It covers near about 42% of total irrigated land. In many places during the rainy season, there is flood in the rivers. The flood water is carried to the field through canals. These canals are found in W.B., Bihar, Orissa, etc. They supply water only when there is flood in the rivers, and therefore, are of no use during the dry season when water is required most.In Punjab, the upper Bari Doab canal connecting the Ravi and the Beas and Sirhind (from the Sutlej) canal is famous. In U.P., the Upper Ganga and the Lower Ganga canals, Agra and Sarda canals, etc. are important. In Tamil Nadu, most important are the Buckingham canal and the Periyar canal.
Multi purpose river valley projects
In recent years, multi-purpose river valley projects are helping in irrigation and growth of agriculture. The most important river valley projects are:Damodar Valley Project in West BengalMor (Mayurakshi) Project in West BengalMahanadi (Hirakud) Project in OrissaKoshi Project in BiharBhakra Nangal Project in Punjab
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