what was 5 kingdom system of classification? Write 2 characteristics of each kingdom with examples and draw the outline of 5 kingdom classifications?
Answers
Very early on, scientists began grouping the living organisms under different categories. Some biologists classified organisms into plants and animals. Ernst Haeckel, Robert Whittaker, and Carl Woese are some biologists who attempted a broader system of classification. Amongst these, the Five Kingdom Classification proposed by Robert Whittaker stood out and is widely used.
Whitaker proposed that organisms should be broadly divided into kingdoms, based on certain characters like the structure of the cell, mode of nutrition, the source of nutrition, interrelationship, body organization, and reproduction. According to this system, there are five main kingdoms. They are:
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdoms are divided into subgroups at various levels. The following flowchart shows the hierarchy of classification.
Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species
Kingdom Monera
These organisms are prokaryotic and unicellular. They do not have a well-defined nucleus and also lack cell organelles. Some organisms show the presence of cell wall while there are others without a cell wall. Consequently, some organisms are autotrophic and others are heterotrophic. Examples include Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Mycoplasma.
Kingdom Protista
Organisms grouped under Kingdom Protista are all unicellular, but eukaryotic organisms. These are the simplest forms of eukaryotes that exhibit either autotrophic or heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Some organisms have appendages such as cilia or flagella or pseudopodia to move around. Some examples are Diatoms, Protozoans like Amoeba, Paramoecium
Five Kingdom Classification
(Source: Wikipedia)
Kingdom Fungi
Heterotrophic, Multicellular and Eukaryotic organisms are grouped under Kingdom Fungi. Their mode of nutrition is saprophytic as they use decaying organic matter as food. They have cell walls, which are made up of a substance called Chitin. Fungi also form a symbiotic association with some blue-green algae. Yeast, Mushroom, Aspergillus are examples of Fungi.
Kingdom Plantae
These are Eukaryotic, Multicellular organisms with a cell wall that is made up of cellulose. They are autotrophs and synthesize their own food through the process of photosynthesis. This kingdom includes all plants.
Based on the body differentiation and presence or absence of specialized vascular tissue, Kingdom Plantae is divided into different divisions, namely Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Examples are Spirogyra, Ferns, Pines, and Mango Plant etc.
Kingdom Animalia
This Kingdom includes organisms that are Multicellular, Eukaryotic, without the presence of cell wall. They have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They also exhibit great diversity. Some organisms are simple while others have a complex body with specialized tissue differentiation and body organs.
The Animal Kingdom is divided into many phyla and classes. Some of the phyla are Porifera, Coelenterata, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata etc. Examples – Hydra, Starfish, Earthworms, Monkeys, Birds etc.
Answer:
All the living organisms are classified in 5 kingdoms on the basis of different charcateristics.
Explanation:
In 1969, R.H. Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification that includes Protista, Monera, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae.
Characteristics of five kingdoms are as following:
1. Monera:
- They consist of Bacteria and are microscopic in nature.
- All the organism are are prokaryotic and have cell wall.
- Example: Heliobacter pylori and E.Coli
2. Protista:
- They are eukaryotic and unicellular organisms.
- Sexual reproduction is through cell fusion and zygote formation.
- For example: algae, euglena and dinoflagellates.
3. Fungi
- The fungi are filamentous, (Except yeast)
- cell wall is made up of polysaccharides and chitin
- For example: Yeast and mold
4. Plantae:
- It consist of all the eukaryotes having chloroplast.
- The Cell wall made up of cellulose.
- For example: cactus and conifers
5. Animalia:
- They carry all multicellular eukaryotes which lack cell wall.
- The animals are directly or indirectly dependent on food on plants.
- For exmple: mammal and insects
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