Question

what was balkan and how it first world war

Answer 1

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Answer 2

The Balkan Wars (Turkish: Balkan Savaşları, literally "the Balkan Wars" or Balkan Faciası, meaning "the Balkan Tragedy") consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman Empire in the first war; one of the four, Bulgaria, suffered defeat in the second war. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Austria-Hungary, although not a combatant, became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavic peoples.[1] The war set the stage for the Balkan crisis of 1914 and thus served as a "prelude to the First World War".[2]
Balkan Wars
Battle of Prilep, depicted in a Serbian postcard from 1912Date8 October 1912 – 18 July 1913
(9 months, 1 week and 3 days)Location

Adrianople

Scutari

Kosovo

Manastir

Salonica provinces

Aegean Islands

Aegean Sea

Result
First Balkan War:

Balkan League victory

Treaty of London

Second Balkan War:

Greek, Serbian, Montenegrin, Ottoman and Romanian victories

Treaties of Bucharestand Constantinople

Belligerents
First Balkan War
 Ottoman Empire Support
 Austria-Hungary
First Balkan War 
Balkan League:

 Bulgaria

 Montenegro

 Greece

 Serbia

Support
 RussiaSecond Balkan War
 BulgariaSecond Balkan War

 Montenegro

 Greece

 Serbia

 Romania

 Ottoman Empire

Commanders and leaders

 Mehmed V

 Enver Pasha

 Nazım Pasha

 Zeki Pasha

 Essad Pasha 

 Kölemen Abdullah Pasha

 Ali Rıza Pasha

 Hasan Tahsin Pasha 

 İsmail Hakkı Pasha

 Rauf Pasha

 Nicholas I

 Prince Danilo Petrović

 Mitar Martinović

 Janko Vukotić

 Ferdinand I

 Mihail Savov

 Ivan Fichev

 Vasil Kutinchev

 Nikola Ivanov

 Radko Dimitriev

 Crown Prince Constantine

 Panagiotis Danglis

 Pavlos Kountouriotis

 Radomir Putnik

 Petar Bojović

 Stepa Stepanović

 Živojin Mišić

 Carol I

 Ferdinand I

 Alexandru Averescu

By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large elements of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule. In 1912 these countries formed the Balkan League. The First Balkan War had three main causes:[3][2]

The Ottoman Empire was unable to reform itself, govern satisfactorily, or deal with the rising ethnic nationalism of its diverse peoples.

The Great Powers quarreled amongst themselves and failed to ensure that the Ottomans would carry out the needed reforms. This led the Balkan states to impose their own solution.

Most importantly, the Balkan League had been formed, and its members were confident that it could defeat the Turks.

The Ottoman Empire lost all its European territories to the west of the River