What was bitterly ironic in presenting the suffering of his people. comment on the previous statement supporting your answer with example form the text
Answers
Answer:Define consciousness and how it is related to attention.
Consciousness is a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind. you might think of consciousness as simply "being awake," the defining feature of consciousness is experience, which you have when you're not awake but experiencing a vivid dream. Conscious experience is essential to what it means to be human.
Describe the problem of other minds and the mind/body problem
Describe the four basic properties of consciousness: intentionality, unity, selectivity, and
transience.
C
Self Consciousn
discuss the research evidence on thought suppression, with particular attention to the
rebale how relevant each item would be to survival in the hypothetical situation.
Describe sensory memory storage, and distinguish iconic memory and echoic memory.
Sensory memory holds sensory information for a few seconds or less. In a series of classic experiments, research participants were asked to remember rows of letters (Sperling, 1960), such as in Figure 6.5, that were flashed on a screen for just 1/20th of a second. When asked to remember all 12 of the letters they had just seen, participants recalled fewer than half (Sperling, 1960). There were two possible explanations for this: Either people simply couldn't encode all the letters in such a brief period, or they had encoded the letters but forgotten them while trying to recall everything they had seen.
Because we have more than one sense, we have more than one kind of sensory memory. Iconic memory is a fast-decaying store of visual information. A similar storage area serves as a temporary warehouse for sounds.
Echoic memory is a fast-decaying store of auditory information. When you have difficulty understanding what someone has just said, you probably find yourself replaying the last few words— listening to them echo in your "mind's ear," so to speak. When you do that, you are accessing information that is being held in your echoic memory store.
Distinguish the short-term memory store from working memory, describe its capacity, and
discuss how rehearsal and chunking contribute to the success of retaining information in
short-term memory.
short-term memory, which holds nonsensory information for more than a few seconds but less than a minute. For example, if someone tells you a telephone number, you can usually repeat it back with ease—but only for a few seconds. In one study, research participants were given consonant strings to remember, such as DBX and HLM. After seeing each string, participants were asked to count backward from 100 by 3s for varying amounts of time and were then asked to recall the strings (Peterson & Peterson, 1959). As shown in Figure 6.6, memory for the consonant strings declined rapidly, from approximately 80% after a 3-second delay to less than 20% after a 20-second delay. These results suggest that information can be held in the short-term memory store for about 15 to 20 seconds.
What if 15 to 20 seconds isn't enough time? What if we need the information for a while longer? We can use a trick that allows us to get around the natural limitations of our short-term memories. Rehearsal is the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it. If someone gives you a telephone number and you don't have a pencil, you say it over and over to yourself until you find one. Each time you repeat the number, you are "reentering" it into short-term memory, giving it another 15 to 20 seconds of shelf life.
Short-term memory is limited in both how long it can hold information and how much information it can hold. Most people can keep approximately seven items in short-term memory, but if they put more new items in, then old ones begin to fall out (Miller, 1956). Those items can be numbers, letters, or even words or ideas. Therefore, one way to increase storage is to group several letters into a single meaningful item. Chunking involves combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks. Waitresses who use organizational encoding (p. 168) to organize customer orders into groups are essentially chunking