Question

what was First constitutional Amendment Act: 1951??

Answer 1

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First constitutional Amendment Act: 1951

• Added Ninth Schedule to protect the land reform and other laws included in it from the judicial review.

• Abolished the existing classification of states into four categories i.e., Part A,
Part B, Part C and Part D states, and reorganised them into 14 states and 6 union territories.

• Extended the jurisdiction of high courts to union territories.

• Provided for the appointment of additional and acting judges of the high court.

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Answer 2

First amendment was made through Constitution (First Amendment) Act,1951. It was moved by Pt. J.L. Nehru.

The First Amendment Act amended articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376. It inserted articles 31A and 31B. It inserted Ninth Schedule to the Constitution to protect the land reform and other laws present in it from the judicial review. In I.R. Coelho case (2007), SC held that acts inserted in 9th schedule after 24 April 1973 are subject to judicial review under “Doctrine of Basic Structure” as it is date of pronouncement of verdict in famous Kesvananda Bharati Case.

Ist CAA made changes to Fundamental Rights, It also validated Zamindari abolition laws and also enacting certain land reform legislations and does not bar the enactment of laws which provide special consideration for weaker sections of society as article 46 in directive principle of State policy that the State should promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people and protect them from social injustice. In order that any special provision that the State may make for the educational, economic or social advancement of any backward class of citizens may not be challenged on the ground of being discriminatory.

It placed reasonable restrictions on fundamental rights and added three more grounds of restrictions on freedom of speech such as public order, friendly relations with foreign states and incitement to an offence.